19. The belles-lettres style and its registers.

Language of poetry

Emotive prose

Language of drama

Rhythm (Iambic metre u-s;

trochaic metre s-u; dactylic metre

1s-2u; amphibrachiс metre u-s-u;

anapaestic metre u-u-s)

Rhyme (couplet; triplet; cross rhyme; framing; internal rhyme)

colloquial speech "literature-like"

imagery is not as rich

contextual meaning is not so high

idiosyncrasy expressed unclearly

use of other styles (newspaper official, scientific).

clear-cut structure (acts, scenes, list of characters, author’s remarks, stage directions)

entirely dialogical (except for directions and remarks)

Phonetic EM (onomatopoeia; alliteration; assonance; euphony; cacophony)

Brevity of expr-on (elp-al, fragm-ary sent-ces, detached con-tions)

Highly literary voc (archaic,

poetic, obsolescent words)

Epigram-like utterances

Fresh, unexpected imagery

Types of nar-tion (author’s nar; entrusted nar; dialogue; interior speech (inner mnlg, shrt insets); represented speech (uttered, unuttered).

Compositional forms:

Narrative proper (dynamic)

Description (static)

Argumentation (static)

Reproduction of the norms of colloquial language

Stylized type of the spoken variety

of lg (the usage of low colloquial expressions is usually restricted)

Bears almost all the features of

the colloquial style.

Semantics

Morphological structure

Syntactical function

Verbiality - the ability to denote a process developing in time (verbs denoting process, but also in those denoting states, forms of existence, evaluations, etc.)

Verbs word-bulding: simple (go),

snd-replacive (food – feed); stress-rplcv (import - to import); expanded (justify); composite (to blackmail); phrasal (have a smoke).

- ability to be modified by adv-s

- perform synt. fun. of the predicate

- (non-finite) inf + modal verb

Sen-cet level - Predic; part of Pred

Phr-lvl: N+V; V+N; V+D; V+Adj

Types of process: material process,

process of happening, verbal, mental, relational, existential.

Lex. Me-ng: bounded (punctual, non-punctual); of double lex. nat. (see ,understand); unbounded (stative, dynamic). Stative: cognitive (know); perceptive (feel); affective (like); relational (be, have, lack).

Dynamic: run, walk, swim, stand

Regular and irregular. Irregular:

vowel gradation (sing-sang-sung) consonants interchange (send-sent)

suffixation and alteration (speak-spoke-spoken); homonymous forms (cut-cut-cut); suppletive verbs (be-was, go-went); special type (do-did-done; have-had-had); defective v

(can-could; may-might).

Grammatical categories: tense, aspect, voice, mood, person, number, finitude and phase (in Perfect: priority and relevance).

Notional V and Semi-notional:

auxil (be, have, will); modal (can, may); verbid introducer v (happen, seem, try, fail), link v (be, look,

feel, get).