11. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. The air-fuel mixture enters a cylinder when the valve is opened.

2. A pushrod is connected with a valve.

3. The pushrod moves the rocker arm which in turn closes the intake valve.

4. Instantaneous ignition of the explosive air-fuel mixture requires a strong electric spark.

5. The storage battery is charged during operation of the vehicle.

6. The alternator stops charging the battery while the engine

7. The ability of gasoline to operate at a specified compression ratio is measured in octane ratings.

8. There are some causes of engine knock.

9. Failure of the air-fuel mixture to ignite may be caused by a hot engine.

10. The greater the ratio of an engine, the more power it delivers per unit of time.

12. Answer the following questions to the text.

1. When does the air-fuel mixture enter a combustion chamber?

2. What role does the camshaft play?

3. What principle does the exhaust valve operate on?

4. What is an electric spark caused by?

5. Where does the surge occur?

6. What does a rotor permit the high-voltage surge to do?

7. What is the ignition system supplied with?

8. What is the difference between the ordinary car generator and the alternator?

9. What causes premature ignition?

10. What is a good indication of engine performance?

11. What does power of the engine depend on?

12. What are most cylinder blocks and heads made of?

13. Match the words with their definitions.

a) exhaust, c) spark, e) surge, g) charge, b) carbon, d) premature, f) cause

1. A large amount of something;

2. A small flash of light produced by an electric current;

3. Waste gases that come out of a vehicle, an engine or a machine;

4. A chemical element;

5. To make something happen, especially something bad or unpleasant;

6. Happening before the normal or expected time;

7. To pass electricity through something so that it is stored there.

14. Match the words with the synonyms.

1) occur	5) momentary	a) sign	e) allow
2) indication	6) occasionally	b) achieve	f) link
3) permit	7) connect	c) take place	g) usual
4) accomplish	8) ordinary	d) sometimes	h) brief

15. Match the words with the antonyms.

1) enter	5) opening	a) stop	e) weak
2) inside	6) strong	b) different	f) outside
3) the same	7) continue	c) leave	g) minimum
4) maximum	8) charge	d) closing	h)discharge

16. Fill in the correct prepositions.

1. A spark ignites the fuel ___ a car engine.

2. Someone entered ___ the room behind me.

3. Premature ignition may be caused ___ carbon.

4. The load was lifted ___ means ___ a crane.

5. A dipstick is used to measure how much oil is left ___ an engine.

6. The car was running ___ high speed.

7. The stone made a dent ___ the roof ___ the car.

8. Pieces ___ carbon ___ turn cause premature ignition