Unit 10

1. Read and translate the text

General Remarks to Charts

Meridians. Charts are generally drawn on the True Meridian; if not, a True Meridian is given on the chart.

Longitudes are referred to the Meridian of Greenwich.

Chart Datum. The reduction level for soundings, where appropriate, is stated either in the Tidal Information Table or, on older charts, in the title.

Soundings are generally shown in Fathoms and Feet in depths of less than eleven fathoms, and in fathoms elsewhere. Some older charts, however, show fractional parts of fathoms in the shoaler areas, and certain large-scale charts show soundings in Feet. The unit used is stated in the title of the chart. The position of the sounding is the center of the space occupied.

Drying heights. Underlined figures on Rocks and Banks, which uncover, express the heights in Feet above the datum of the chart, unless otherwise stated.

Heights. All heights (except those expressed in underlined figures as above) are, unless otherwise stated, given in feet above Mean High Water Springs or, in places where there is no tide, above the level of the sea, and are shown thus: 125. Heights are enclosed by brackets in case of islets, the tops of artificial features (e.g. chimneys) and where the figures are removed from the object.

Scales. The Natural Scale is the proportion, which any measurement on the chart bears to the actual distance represented thus: 1/25.000.

A Nautical Mile is the length of a minute of Latitude at the place, and a Cable is assumed to be a tenth part of a nautical mile.

Dimensions of Plate. The figures in brackets in the lower right hand corner of a chart, thus – (38.43 X 25.49) are the dimensions of the plate in inches between the innermost graduation and borderlines.

Date of Chart Corrections. For the method of dating charts for corrections see the introductory charter in the Admiralty Sailing Directions.

Names. Names shown in brackets are generally obsolete names to read with the Admiralty Sailing Directions of an older date. Brackets are also used to denote names, which are being changed, and occasionally to indicate conventional names.

2. Translate the following information from English into Russian.

Chart Number, Title and Marginal Notes

1. Chart Number in the Admiralty series. Where it is necessary to distinguish Admiralty charts from other, it is usual to add the prefix ‘BA’ (British Admiralty) to the number.

2. Identification of latticed chart (if any). Charts for which Decca, Loran-C or Omega lattice (сетка) overprinted versions are available bear the letter ‘L’ in the lower right-hand corner inside the outer border. The lattice prefix number is shown against the national number.

3. Chart number in the International Chart Series.

4. Publication note (imprint) showing the date of publication as a New Chart.

5. Copyright note. All Admiralty charts are subject to Crown Copyright restrictions.

6. Dates of (a) New Editions and (b) Large Corrections.

7. Small corrections (a) the year dates and numbers of Notices of Mariners and (b) the dates (usually bracketed!) of minor corrections included in reprints but not formally promulgated (abandoned as a method of correction in 1986).

8. Dimensions of the inner neat-lines of the chart border. In the case of charts on Transverse Mercator and Gnomonic projections, dimensions may be quoted for all borders of the chart, which differ. Fathoms charts show the dimensions in inches.

9. Corner co-ordinates.

10. Chart title. This should be quoted in addition to the chart number, when ordering a chart.

11. Explanatory notes on chart content, to be read before using the chart.

12. Seals. Where an Admiralty chart is in the International Chart series, the seal of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is shown in addition to the national seal. Modified facsimile reproductions of the charts of other nations show the seals of the original producer (left), the publisher (center), and the IHO (right).

13. Scale of chart; on Mercator projection, at stated latitude.

14. Linear scales on large-scale plan.

15. Linear border scales (meters). On smaller scale charts, the latitude border should be used to measure Sea miles and cables.

16. Cautionary notes (if any) on charted details, to be read before using the chart.

17. Source Diagram (if any). If a Source Diagram is not shown, details of the sources used in the compilation of the chart are given in the explanatory notes. The Source Diagram or notes should be studied carefully before using the chart in order to assess the reliability of the data used.

18. Reference to a larger-scale chart or plan.

19. Reference to an adjoining chart of similar scale.

20. Instruction to refer to related Admiralty Publications.

21. Reference to the units used for depth measurement. The legend ‘ DEPTHS IN FATHOMS’ is shown on certain more recent ‘fathoms charts where confusion might otherwise arise.

22. Conversion scales. To allow approximate conversions between metric and fathoms and feet units. On older charts conversion tables are given instead.

3. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian

Chart; true meridian, longitude, sounding, fathom, feet, drying height, unless otherwise stated, Mean High Water Springs, natural scale, the Admiralty Sailing Directions, obsolete.

4. Translate the following words and word combinations from Russian into English

Морская карта, размер карты, название карты, долгота, истинный меридиан, проекция, промер глубин, сажень, числовой масштаб, приводит к нулю (о глубинах), средний уровень моря, средняя полная сизигийная вода, единицы глубин.

5. Say in English

1. Морские карты предназначаются как для ведения навигационной прокладки, так и для получения различных сведений о районе плавания.

2. Морские карты делят на две основные группы: навигационные и вспомогательные, справочные.

3. Навигационные карты в свою очередь подразделяются на морские навигационные, радионавигационные, навигационные промысловые и карты внутренних водних путей.

4. Морские навигационные карты составляют основную массу карт, используемых на судах.

5. С большей или меньшей степенью подробности на эти карты нанесены рельеф дна, характер берега, навигационные опасности, фарватеры, рекомендованные курсы, средства навигационного оборудования и другие навигационные элементы.

6. В зависимости от масштабов морские навигационные карты подразделяют на планы, частные карты, путевые карты и генеральные карты.

7. Морским картам присваивают пятизначные адмиралтейские номера.

8. К географическим элементам содержания карты относятся изображения берегов океанов, морей, заливов, рельефа морского дна и суши, государственных границ, населенных пунктов.

9. К навигационным элементам отнесены порты, средства навигационного оборудования, фарватеры, морские каналы, навигационные опасности, навигационные ориентиры, данные магнитного склонения другие элементы карты, имеющие навигационный характер.

10. Надписи – это заголовок карты, географические названия, различные пояснения и предупреждения, а также данные об издании и корректуре карты.

Check yourself

Translate the following title of the chart