3. Give the names to the lights according to their descriptions

1. A light showing continuously and steadily

2. A light showing intermittently with a regular periodicity

3. A light in which the total duration of light in a period is longer than the total duration of darkness and the intervals of darkness are usually of equal duration

4. A light in which the total duration of light in a period is shorter than the total duration of darkness and the appearances of light are usually of equal duration

5. A continuous steady light, which shows a change of colours

Rhythmic, fixed, alternating, occulting and group-occulting, flashing

4. Give the complete descriptions of lights according to the abbreviations. Translate the descriptions from English into Russian

Example:

Gr. Oc.(2) W.R.5s 130 ft. 12 M (U) – Group Occulting (2 eclipses), white and red, period 5 seconds, height 130 feet, range of visibility 12 miles, unwatched – огонь группо-затмевающийся (2 затмения), бело-красный, период 5 сек., высота 130 футов, дальность видимости 12 миль, необслуживаемый.

Lt. Oc.W.R.G.

Fl WR 3s

Q(6)+LFl W 15 s

F R

Iso G 2s

5. Translate from Russian into English

A flashing light is shown, at an elevation of 83 feet, from a red lantern on a truncated (усеченная) pyramidal structure, painted in red and white horizontal bands, situated on the coast sand nearly 2 miles north-eastward of the entrance to Puck River.

Two leading lights are situated in the vicinity of Stono. The nearer light, red fixed, is exhibited at an elevation of 64 feet above high water, from a white rectangular tower 58 feet high, and is visible 9 miles in clear weather. The front light, white and red fixed, elevated 29 feet above high water, is shown from a circular white tower, 34 feet in height, 664 yards from the rear light.

Alternating lights, on the south-western shore of Nord Bay about 4 ½ miles south-south-eastward of Vue, are exhibited at an elevation of 45 and 61 feet respectively, from quadrangular truncated pyramidal structures, painted white, each with a red vertical stripe in the middle. These lights in line, bearing 208°, lead to the anchorage.

Check yourself Translate the following extract from English into Russian without dictionaries

From a dark grey iron column, 35 feet high, on Mobjack situated close to the shore about 1 ½ cables south-eastward of Crock Village, is exhibited, at 56 feet above high water, a white group occulting light with 3 eclipses every thirty seconds. Showing thus: - light, ten seconds; eclipse, two and a half seconds.

An unwatched light is exhibited at an elevation of 39 feet from a red circular tower and dwellings, 40 feet in height, situated on Cape Saint Mary. See sketch on Chart 290. Vessels can communicate by day with this light-tower by means of the International Code of Signals.

Unit 9

1. Read and translate the text

Hydrographic information

Hydrographic information, both temporary and permanent, is an important aid to navigation, but the volume of such information worldwide is considerable. If all the data available were promulgated immediately to update the various United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) products, the quantity would overload most users and render the products useless. Consequently the strict control is exercised in selecting that which is necessary for immediate or relatively rapid promulgation. That which is considered desirable but no essential for safe navigation is usually included in the next full new edition of the product when it is published. Each item of new data received in the UKHO is assessed on the scale of potential danger to the mariner (i.e. how safety-critical) bearing in mind the wide variety of users of UKHO products in the area affected and the different emphasis which those users place on the information contained in the products. For example, the master of a large merchant vessel may be far more concerned with data regarding traffic routes and deep-water channels than the recreational user, who may in turn have a greater interest in shoaler areas where the merchantman would never intentionally venture. The fisherman may have a greater interest in seabed hazards.

During 1997 the criteria used to assess whether hydrographic information required immediate or relatively rapid promulgation were revised and made more stringent in response to size of ships and changes in navigational practice by chart users. However, chart users should note that information assessed prior to 1997 and not yet included in a full new edition of the chart does not benefit from these changes in criteria. Mariners are warned that in all cases prudent positional and vertical clearance should be given to any charted features, which might present a danger to their vessel.