It’s likely that they will buy a new house. They’ll probably buy a new

house.

8. I’m sure she didn’t go to the party. → She can’t have gone to the party.

9. I’m sure he has got our message. → He must have got your message.

10. It’s not necessary to water the plants again. →

You don’t have to water the plants again/You don’t need to water the

plants again/You needn’t water the plants again.

11. Was it necessary for you to get up so early? → Did you need to get up so early?/Did you have to get up so early?

12. It wasn’t necessary for him to buy so many flowers. →

He needn’t have bought so many flowers.

• Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.

1. Perhaps he didn’t steal the money.

may He ...................................................................................... the money.

2. Shall I help you carry your luggage?

me Would you ............................................................ carry your luggage?

3. May I use your pencil sharpener?

if Would you ............................................................ your pencil sharpener?

4. It wasn’t necessary for you to give me so much money. have You ............................................................................ so much money.

5. I’m sure Jenny has prepared enough food.

have Jenny .............................................................................. enough food.

6. Was it necessary for Tim to spend all that money? need Did Tim ...................................................................... all that money?

7. Perhaps he’s going away next month.

be He ........................................................................... away next month.

8. She will probably accept our offer.

likely She ..................................................................................... our offer.

9. I’m sure he didn’t attend the meeting.

have He .................................................................................. the meeting.

10. Let’s meet outside the Opera.

we Shall ................................................................................. the Opera?

11. It’s not necessary to wear such a heavy pullover.

need You ................................................................ such a heavy pullover.

12. You aren’t allowed to walk on the grass.

not You ............................................................................... on the grass.

13. Perhaps he’s asleep at the moment.

be He .................................................................................. at the moment.

14. Was it necessary for Julie to leave so early?

have Did ....................................................................................so early?

15. It’s likely that she will move house.

probably She will .............................................................................. house.

Exercise 187. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use between two and five words.

Example: The teacher gave me permission to leave the room.

could The teacher said that I .... could leave the .... room.

1. In the end, I couldn’t make it to the party because I had too much work to do. able In the end, I ........ come to the party because I had too much work to do.

2. At school, she was the fastest runner in her class.

could At school, she ......................................... than anyone else in her class.

3. Although I’m good at physics, I don’t think I’ll manage to pass the exam.

able In spite of being good at physics I don’t think ..................... pass the exam.

4. We weren’t obliged to attend all the classes because some of them were optional.

have We ........................ to all the classes because some of them were optional.

5. If I don’t find a job soon, I won’t be able to pay the bills.

have I need to pay the bills so .................................................... find a job soon.

6. ‘All telephone calls made from the office must be paid for,’ said the manager.

had The manager told .................. for all telephone calls made from the office.

7. I took a lot of suntan lotion with me but I didn’t need it.

taken I ................................................................ so much suntan lotion with me.

8. The traffic warden said we weren’t allowed to park the car outside the bank.

could The traffic warden told ................................ park the car outside the bank.

9. I think you can manage without a pullover in this weather.

need You ........................................................... wear a pullover in this weather.

10. Oxygen masks were essential when they got to the top of the mountain.

had They..................oxygen masks when they reached the top of the mountain.

11. I think you should give up smoking immediately.

had I think you ................................................................... smoking immediately.

12. I expect we will get there by 5.00, if there isn’t too much traffic.

should We ................................................... 5.00, if there isn’t too much traffic.

13. Is it necessary for me to bring my passport? have Do ....................................................................................... my passport?

14. I am sure that the cat is in the house somewhere. be The cat ..................................................................... in the house somewhere.

15. An aerial is not required with this radio. have You don’t .......................................................... an aerial with this radio.

16. It is very inconvenient if you can’t drive. to It’s very inconvenient if ..................................................................... drive.

17. I am sure that John is not the thief. be John ............................................................................................... the thief.

18. I am certain that Norman will be late.

bound Norman .............................................................................................. late.

19. All students should report to the main hall at 9.00.

are All students ............................................................. to the main hall at 9.00.

20. I thought that you would know better!

ought You ................................................................................................ better!

21. It wasn’t necessary for me to go out after all. have I ..................................................................................................... after all.

22. There was a plan for Jack to become manager, but he left. was Jack ........................................................................... manager, but he left.

23. It was a mistake for you to buy that car. bought You ............................................................................................ that car.

24. I don’t think that Sally enjoyed her holiday. have Sally ......................................................................... enjoyed her holiday.

25. It’s possible that Bill saw me. may Bill ................................................................................................... me.

26. I’m sure that Karen was a beautiful baby. been Karen .............................................................................. a beautiful baby.

27. Perhaps Alan didn’t mean what he said. meant Alan .................................................................................... what he said.

28. It’s possible that I left my wallet at home.

could I ................................................................................. my wallet at home.

29. I think you were wrong to sell your bike.

shouldn’t You ............................................................................................... bike.

30. The only thing I could do was run away!

had I ................................................................................................. run away!

Exercise 188. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.

1. I’m sure she lost the race.

have She ... must have lost ... the race.

2. Perhaps she will phone us sometime today.

may She ................................................................................... sometime today.

3. I don’t think the Rogers have been living here long.

been The Rogers ................................................................................. here long.

4. I’m sure he has spent all his money.

have He ....................................................................................... all his money.

5. I’m sure James won’t be seeing the boss tomorrow.

be James .......................................................................... the boss tomorrow.

6. Perhaps he is feeling ill.

be He ........................................................................................................... ill.

7. I’m sure Alan wasn’t driving carelessly.

been Alan ............................................................................................ carelessly.

8. Perhaps he had left before you called.

have He .................................................................................... before you called.

9. I’m sure she is considering your offer.

be She ............................................................................................... your offer.

10. Perhaps they rented the flat

may They .................................................................................................. the flat.

11. It’s forbidden to feed the animals.

not You ........................................................................................... the animals.

12. It isn’t necessary to cut the grass; it’s still quite short.

have You .............................................................. the grass; it’s still quite short.

13. It’s prohibited to take dogs into the restaurant.

not You .................................................................................. into the restaurant.

14. It isn’t necessary to dust the furniture; I’ll do it later.

need You .................................................................. the furniture; I’ll do it later.

15. Children aren’t allowed to run in the corridor.

not Children ................................................................................ in the corridor.

16. Sixth formers needn’t wear school uniforms.

have Sixth formers .................................................................... school uniforms.

17. Tim went on a two-day trip. He took more clothes than necessary.

have Tim ....................................................... so many clothes on a two-day trip.

18. He decided not to take his passport because it wasn’t necessary.

need He ............................................................................................ his passport.

19. We bought more food than was necessary for the party.

have We ..................................................................... so much food for the party.

20. It wasn’t necessary for Gloria to iron the clothes because Sue had already done it.

have Gloria ..................................... the clothes because Sue had already done it.

21. It isn’t necessary to have a visa to visit Australia.

need You ....................................................................... a visa to visit Australia.

22. It wasn’t necessary for Jim to accept the offer.

have Jim ............................................................................................... the offer.

23. Perhaps the car needs a new engine.

need The car ................may/might need............... a new engine.

24. Why don’t you go to Canada for a holiday?

could You ....................................................................................... for a holiday.

25. Shall I get you a cup of tea?

me Would ............................................................................. you a cup of tea?

26. Sue will probably go to see her aunt.

is Sue ....................................................................................... to see her aunt.

27. It wasn’t necessary for them to buy such a big car as they did.

have They .................................................................................... such a big car.

28. It’s forbidden to smoke in this building.

not You .................................................................................... in this building.

29. It would be a good idea to change your hairstyle.

better You ..................................................................................... your hairstyle.

30. Why didn’t anybody warn me about the bus strike?

have You ......................................................................... about the bus strike.

31. It isn’t necessary for you to attend the meeting.

need You ........................................................................................... the meeting.

32. Let’s go to the cinema.

going What ......................................................................................... the cinema?

33. I’m sure he is seeing Ruth.

be He ....................................................................................................... Ruth.

34. It isn’t necessary for you to come early tonight.

have You .......................................................................................... early tonight.

35. I’m sure he didn’t send you this letter.

sent He .................................................................................................. this letter.

36. May I read your newspaper?

mind Would .............................................................................. your newspaper?

37. I’m sure she wasn’t lying to you.

been She .................................................................................................... to you.

38. She is likely to fail her exams.

that It is ............................................................................................... her exams.

39. It’s forbidden to talk to the driver while he is driving.

must You .............................................................. the driver while he is driving.

40. It wasn’t necessary for him to give me the money back so soon.

given He ......................................................................... the money back so soon.

41 Perhaps she went to her uncle’s.

have She ....................................................................................... to her uncle’s.

42. Shall I help you lengthen your dress?

me Would ................................................................... you lengthen your dress?

43. Perhaps he got caught in the traffic.

have He ........................................................................................... in the traffic.

44. You should continue practising daily.

keep You should .......................................................................................... daily.

45. It wasn’t necessary for Julie to buy him a present but she did.

bought Julie ................................................................................. him a present.

46. Is there any chance of his coming to the party?

likely Is he ....................................................................................... to the party?

47. It was wrong of him not to tell us as soon as he found out.

should He ...................................................................... as soon as he found out.

48. Anna didn’t go to hospital; it was only a minor injury.

have Anna ............................................. to hospital; it was only a minor injury.

49. It isn’t necessary to make an appointment - come in any time tomorrow morning.

need You ................... an appointment - come in any time tomorrow morning.

50. Patients must be accompanied by a nurse when they leave the ward.

allowed Patients ................................... the ward unless accompanied by a nurse.