Exercises

Exercise 161. Explain the meaning of ‘dare’ in the following sentences and translate them into Russian.

1. He felt he dare not reply. 2. Her face bore an expression of such ferocity (жестокость, свирепость) that no one dared come near to speak with her. 3. I dare say you’re a little tired after your walk, dear. 4. He dared not look into her face. 5. I did not dare to ask him to call off his trip. 6. She was aware that they were too intent (сосредоточены) upon their business to think that anyone was watching them, but she dared not move. 7. Who dares to jump over the stream? 8. She did not dare to leave the house in case he telephoned. 9. He didn’t dare lie to his mother. 10. Dare you ask for more money? 11. How dare he speak to you like that? (I wonder at such impudence-наглость, дерзость.)

Exercise 162. Rewrite these sentences using dare or dared.

1. I am not brave enough to speak to him about his daughter.

2. I challenge you to tell the teacher the truth.

3. The boys hadn’t the courage to wake the father.

4. How can you be so impudent (нахальный, дерзкий) as to go out by yourself after the orders I gave you.

5. I challenge you to fight him.

6. I haven’t the courage to reproach her for it.

7. How could he venture (решиться; осмелиться) to strike me when I was down?

8. I wanted to ask for some time off but I hadn’t the courage.

Exercise 163. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Гарри встретил вчера мистера Грина, но не посмел сказать ему, что мы разбили автомобиль, который взяли у него на время. 2. He скажете ли вы мистеру Грину, что мы разбили его автомобиль? У меня не хватает смелости сказать ему об этом. 3. Как вы смеете так говорить со мной? 4. Как он смеет говорить так грубо обо мне? 5. Посмеет ли он признать это? 6. И они смеют говорить, что мы поступили нечестно? 7. Он подстрекал меня перепрыгнуть через ручей. 8. Пусть кто угодно попробует доказать, что мои факты, неправильна (т. е. что мое сообщение неточно).

Reported Speech ■ Modals

Study this chart:

Modals change as follows in Reported Speech. can → could (present reference) can → would be able to (past reference) may → might (possibility) may → could (permission) must → had to (obligation) must → must (logical assumption) needn’t → didn’t need to/didn’t have to (present reference) needn’t → wouldn’t have to (future reference) mustn’t → mustn’t should → should

• Study these examples:

• “I may go abroad this summer,” Julie said.

Julie said that she might go abroad that summer.

• “May I see the manager, please?” Susan asked the shop assistant.

Susan asked the shop assistant if she could see the manager.

• “I must pay my electricity bill,” he said.

He said that he had to pay his electricity bill.

• “She must be at least twenty-five,” he said to me. He told me that she must be at least twenty-five.

• “You needn’t leave now,” she said to him.

She told him that he didn’t need to leave/didn’t have to leave at that moment.

• “We needn’t wake up early tomorrow; it’s Sunday,” Greg said.

Greg said that they wouldn’t have to wake up early the next day as it was Sunday.

• “M. Rollands can dance and sing very well,” the film direc­tor said.

The film director said that M. Rollands could dance and sing very well.

• “I think we can visit Uncle Louis tomorrow,” Father said to us.

Father told us that we would be able to visit Uncle Louis the next day.

• “You mustn’t tell lies,” Mother said to us. Mother said that we mustn’t tell lies.

• “All of you should be more careful!” the teacher said. The teacher said that we should all be more careful.

Exercise 164. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.

1. “I must feed the cat before I leave.” Terry said.

to Terry said that he ............................................... the cat before he left.

2. “Nancy needn’t type any more letters today,” Bob said. would Bob said that Nancy .................................. any more letters that day.

3. “Jordan can tell us about the expedition,” Mary said. said Mary ............................................................... us about the expedition.

4. “You needn’t waste any more time on this matter,” John said to Helen.

have John said that .................................... waste any more time on that matter.

5. “They may decide to have a party this month,” she said to me. told She ...................................................... decide to have a party that month.

6. “The children can go to the zoo this weekend,” Dad said. able Dad said that the children ................................... to the zoo that weekend.

7. “May I go out for a minute, sir?” Doug asked the teacher. if Doug asked the teacher ......................................................... for a minute.

8. “You needn’t prepare so much food for tomorrow.’ Fiona said to me.

have Fiona said that I ........................................ so much food for the next day.

9. “She must be very efficient,” said the boss.

said The boss .............................................................................. very efficient.

10. “We can cancel tomorrow’s meeting if you have got some­thing urgent to do,” Alice said to her boss.

be Alice said that they ............................ the next day’s meeting if her boss had got something urgent to do.