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5. Complete the following company profile with either the present perfect or past simple tense of the verb in brackets.

Procter & Gamble 1has been (be) in the soap business since William Procter and James Gamble 2 ____(form) their partnership in 1837. In order to raise capital for expansion, the partners 3 _____(set up) a corporate structure in 1890, with an appointed presedent at the head of the company. It 4 ____(undergo) further restructuring in 1955, with the creation of individual operating divisions to better manage their growing lines of products. John E. Pepper 5 _____(lead) the company since 1995, when he was elected Procter & Gamble’s ninth Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The same year, the company 6 ____ (move) from managing the business under two geographic areas, US and International, to four regions – North America, Latin America, Asia, and Europe/Middle East/Africa.

Ivory soap , which 7 ____ (became) a common household name, 8____ (come) onto the market in 1879. With the introduction and instant success of Tide laundry detergent in 1946, Procter & Gamble 9 ____ (embark) on a strategy of rapid growth into new product lines as well as new markets around the world. The firms commitment to innovation in technology 10____ (help) Tide to remain their single largest brand over the years. Perhaps the product that 11 _____(have) the greatest impact, however, is Pampers, the disposable nappy which they 12____(launch) in 1961.

As a result of their aggressive expansion policy, Procter & Gamble sales 13 ____(reach) $ 10 billion in 1980. Since then the company 14 ___(increase) the number of consumers it can serve with its brands – to about five billion people around the world. In 1998 sales 15 ____(rise) to $37.2 billion.

Notes: to undergo – зазнати

household name = popular name

6. Complete the sentences. Use the right form of the verb in brackets.

The way in which a company(1) …. ( to organize) can be illustrated for a packaging company. The company(2)… (to own) by shareholders who(3) … (to choose) directors to look after their interests.The directors then (4) … (to appoint) managers to run the business on a day-to-day basis. In the company structure:

The Managing Director has the major responsibility for (5) …(run) of the company, including setting company targets and (6) … (to keep) an eye on all departments.

The Distribution Manager is responsible for(7)… (to control) the movement of goods in and out of the warehouse, supervising drivers and overseeing the transport of goods to and from the firm.

The Production Manager is responsible for keeping a continuous supply of work(8)… (to flow) to all production staff and also for organising manpower to meet the customers' orders.

The Sales Manager is responsible for making contact with customers and (9)… (toobtain) orders from those contacts.

The Company Accountant (10)… all the financial dealings of the company and is responsible for producing management accounts and financial reports.

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