Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики:

operate - работать, действовать

country - страна

independent - независимый

entity - сущность, существо

local - местный

world - мир

boundary - граница

state - государство

form - форма; формировать, образовывать

constitutional - конституционный

regime - режим

general - общий

characteristic - характерная черта, особенность

exist - существовать

autonomy - автономия

self-government - самоуправление

committee - комитет

Задание I

А. Определите

а) какой частью речи являются следующие слова:

goes, independent, entities, illustration, forms, larger, invariably, reflects, similarly, prefers, responsibility, committee, preference

б) переведите приведенные выше слова, учитывая значение их суффиксов/префиксов.

Б. Образуйте и переведите однокоренные слова, относящиеся к другим частям речи (при затруднении обратитесь к словарю):

independent (v, n), illustration (v), larger (adv, v), invariably (v, adj, n), similarly (adj), prefers (adj, n), responsibility (adj, v),

Задание II

А. Пользуясь текстом и предложенными словами, составьте и переведите все возможные словосочетания:

1. local a) characteristics

2. political b) regime

3. general c) self-government

4. national d) autonomy

5. constitutional e) democracy

Б. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами:

1. сложный режим a) modern world

2. городское управление b) democratic system

3. демократическая система c) central control

4. современный мир d) city government

5. централизованное управление e) complex regime

В. Заполните пропуски, используя предложенные слова:

general, forms, constitutional, boundaries, entity

1. Virtually all contemporary governments have constitutions, but possession and publication of a constitution does not make a government ____________ .

2. The city remains the only place for the mass of specialised service activity that ____________ a part of the modern economy.

3. Although the country was politically unified in 1861, regional identity remains

strong, and the nation has developed unevenly as a cultural ____________.

4. A substantial rural population exists within the ____________ of a municipality.

5. The _____ idea of a constitution originated with the ancient Greeks.

Задание III

Задайте к тексту 5 вопросов разного типа.

Задание IV

1. Найдите в тексте фрагмент, в котором раскрывается связь между формой городского управления и особенностями национального политического режима.

Б. Завершите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста:

In the modern world a city government forms

a) democratic central government.

b) national government.

c) a part of a constitutional regime.

В. Выберите предложение, смысл которого противоречит содержанию текста:

1. Today political democracy exists in most of the Western world.

2. A city doesn’t need a government to operate.

3. The local government in England is older than the national government.

Задание V

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

Unit 6

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям, содержащим интернациональные корни:

system, modern, functions, regulation, standards, protection, medical, museums, parks, cultural, public, electricity, gas, transport, commercial, companies, planning, co-ordination, activities, typically, population, structures, vacant, form, administrative, veto, acts, type, budget, manager, administration

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь.

Functions of a modern city government

A city government is a system of governmental institutions that serve an urban area or urban municipality.

A city government's most important functions are to provide law enforcement and fire prevention; elementary and secondary education; water supply, sewage, and refuse collection and disposal; construction, maintenance, and lighting of the streets; regulation of building safety and housing standards; the provision of public housing; various welfare services for the needy; health protection and, in some cases, medical care; and environmental services. Cities also provide museums, parks, playgrounds, and other cultural and recreational facilities. Public-utility services that supply water, electricity, gas, and public transport may be provided by a city government or by commercial companies that are closely regulated by the government.

City planning, which involves the co-ordination of all governmental activities that bear upon community growth and change, is another important function. City governments typically achieve their land-planning goals by enacting zoning laws that govern the use of land and buildings, the density of population, and the height, bulk, and spacing of structures. Planning also involves the use of subdivision controls, which subject the initial laying-out of vacant land to public regulation.

The mayor-and-council form is the oldest and most prevalent type of a city government. Both the mayor and council are elected directly by the voters. The mayor typically has strong administrative and executive powers, and he presides over the council and can veto its legislative acts. A newer type, the city-manager system, typically consists of a small elected council that passes ordinances, decides the budget, sets rates of taxation, and appoints a manager, who is in turn responsible for the day-to-day administration of the government.