В. Выберите предложение, смысл которого противоречит содержанию текста.

1. Coastal mountain ranges enabled any community to dominate over large territories.

2. The first example of successful democracy in world history belongs to the period of Athens prime.

3. The Greeks were originally nomads, who gradually made their way down to the Mediterranean sea.

Задание V

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

Unit 4

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям, содержащим интернациональные корни:

dominance, started, administrative, problems, urban, aqueducts, resources, technology, periods, protect, marauders, disintegrated, migrations, autonomous, base, commercial, expansion, class, role, process, consolidation

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь.

Nation-state consolidation of cities

The dominance of the city-states was ended by the Roman Empire, which had itself started in the Roman city-state.

The growth of Rome as the empire's administrative and economic centre created vast new problems of urban provision and social control. Roman achievements in the building of aqueducts to ensure water supplies and paved roads to ensure the flow of resources were unsurpassed for centuries. Roman technology spread throughout Europe as Roman conquerors founded dependent settlements.

From very early periods cities were surrounded by walls to protect them from rivals and nomadic marauders. As the Roman Empire disintegrated under pressure from successive waves of barbarian migrations and invasions, walled towns and cities provided some degree of local stability and defence. A strong civic culture developed in the medieval city. Some cities, such as the great Italian trading centres of Venice, Genoa, and Florence, even returned to the autonomous, flourishing self-sufficiency of the early city-states.

As Europe emerged from the Middle Ages the cities became the base for economic and commercial expansion. Market fairs, which had had only temporary significance in the medieval period, became established in cities, providing a base for a growing commercial class. At the same time, the growth of power of the nation-state led to the cities coming increasingly under the political control of centralized government. The city exchanged its independent political role for important administrative functions in the process of nation-state consolidation.

Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики:

urban - городской

building - здание; строительство

supply - снабжать, обеспечивать

pave - мостить (дорогу), прокладывать (путь)

ensure - снабжать, обеспечивать

flow - поток

protect - защищать

migration - миграция, переселение

provide - снабжать, обеспечивать

autonomous - автономный, самоуправляющийся

market - рынок

fair - ярмарка

significance - важность, значимость

establish - основывать, создавать, учреждать

consolidation - консолидация, укрепление

Задание I

А. Определите

а) какой частью речи являются следующие слова:

dominance, administrative, social, ensure, resources, unsurpassed, conquerors, founded, dependent, surrounded, nomadic, marauders, disintegrated, successive, barbarian, stability, trading, returned, self-sufficiency, independent

б) переведите приведенные выше слова, учитывая значение их суффиксов/префиксов.

Б. Образуйте и переведите однокоренные слова, относящиеся к другим частям речи (при затруднении обратитесь к словарю):

dominance (v), administrative (n), dependent (v), surrounded (v), nomadic (n), disintegrated (v), successive (n), stability (adj), trading (v), self-sufficiency (adj), independent (n, v)