
- •Introduction
- •St. Jerome’s Oath
- •Topic 1. Translator’s activity
- •1.1. Profession of Translator
- •1.2. Bilingualism
- •1.3. Professional Education
- •1.4. Back-up Essentials of Translation
- •1.5. Pitfalls of Translation
- •1.6. Attitude to the Materials for Translation
- •Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to Passive Constructions in italics:
- •Topic 2. The role of the translator
- •2.1. Qualities of Translator/Interpreter
- •2.2. Don’ts of a Translator/Interpreter
- •2.3. Working with English-speaking Clients
- •2.4. Translation Industry
- •2.5. Comparison with other Professions
- •2.6. Profession Perspective
- •Topic 3. Basic principles of the translation theory
- •3.1. Theory of Transformations
- •3.2. Problem of Non-translation
- •3.3. Extralinguistic Factor
- •3.4. Types of Background Knowledge
- •Translate the text: Помилки перекладачів повертають до життя мертвих
- •Topic 4. Grammatical, lexical and stylistic problems of scientific-technical translation
- •4.1. The Subject Matter
- •4.2. Grammatical difficulties of scientific-technical translation
- •4.3. Grammatical Transformations in Scientific-technical Translation
- •4.4. Machine Translation
- •Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to polisemantic auxiliary words: as, but, but for, either, neither, which:
- •Topic 5. Units of translation
- •5.1. Classification of Translation Units
- •5.2. Level of Intonation
- •5.3. Translation on the Level of Phonemes/Graphemes
- •Choose one the following nursery rhymes for literary translation:
- •Topic 6. Translation on the level of morphemes
- •6.1. Morpheme as a Unit of Translation
- •6.2. Some Insights into How to Become Word-conscious
- •6.3. Latin and Greek Prefixes
- •6.4. Latin Roots
- •6.5. Latin and Greek Borrowings in English
- •6.6. Dictionary of Greek and Latin Roots
- •6.7. Latin Roots in English
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to converted words and word combinations in italics:
- •Topic 7. Translation on the level of words
- •7.1. Examples of Translating on the Level of Words
- •7.2. Category of Gender in English and Ukrainian
- •Translate the text into Ukrainian: foreign words and phrases French Words: Pronunciation
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to figurative expressions in italics:
- •Topic 8. Singular and plural of nouns as a translation problem
- •8.1. Singular and Plural Forms in English and Ukrainian
- •8.2. Plural of Compound Nouns
- •8.3. Nouns Used Only in Singular
- •8.4. Nouns Used Only in Plural
- •8.5. Grammatical Disagreement of Singular and Plural in English and Ukrainian
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian: Bear or beer?
- •Topic 9. The problem of translating articles and pronouns
- •9.1. Translation of Indefinite Articles
- •9.2. The Problem of Translating Pronouns
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian: How to talk about pay
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to neologisms and egologisms in italics:
- •Topic 10. “false friends of the interpreter”
- •10.1. Interpenetration of Words in Different Languages
- •10.2. Mistakes in Translation Related to Differences in Realia
- •10.3. Interlingual Homonymy and Paronymy
- •10.4. Examples of Translating Newspaper Clichés
- •10.5. Semantic Peculiarities of Medical Terms
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian: time management
- •Topic 11. Translation on the level of word combinations
- •11.1. Problems of Translating Idioms
- •11.2. Etymology of Idioms: Weird History
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to elliptical constructions in italics:
- •Topic 12: stylistic, grammatical and syntactical peculiarities of idioms
- •12.1. Idiom as a Stylistic Device
- •12.2. Grammatical Peculiarities of Idioms
- •12.3. Syntactical Peculiarities of Idioms
- •12.4. Classes of Idioms
- •Translate the following texts into Ukrainian: Semantic Change
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the homogeneous verbs which require different noun cases enhanced in italic font:
- •Topic 13: phrasal verbs and common english phrases
- •13.1. Phrasal Verbs
- •13.2. Common English Phrases
- •Translate the text into Ukrainian: The Importance of Analysis in Translation
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to affixal coinages in italics:
- •Topic 14: slang as a problem of translation
- •14.1. Sociolinguistic Aspects of Slang
- •14.2. Primary and Secondary Slang
- •14.3. Individual Psychology of Slang
- •Read and translate the dialogue below, learn the attached vocabulary and do the exercises below: American Slang: At the Mall Dialogue in slang
- •Translation of dialogue in standard English
- •Dialogue in slang as it would be heard
- •Vocabulary
- •Practice the Vocabulary
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to formal Subject (in italics) of a sentence which in translation becomes Object:
- •Topic 15: translation on the level of sentence and text
- •15.1. Translation of Clichés and Formulas
- •15.2. Types of Proverbs and Their Translation
- •15.3. Translation on the Level of Text
- •Translate the following text paying attention to Geographical Names on the Map of the usa in italics:
- •1. Introduction Geographical Names
- •Learn the most popular English proverbs and their interpretation:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to homogeneous members of a sentence with different combinative power (in italics):
- •Topic 16: replacements as a type of translational transformations
- •16.1. Replacing Word Forms and Parts of Speech
- •16.2. Replacements of the Sentence Members (Restructuring the Syntactical Structure of a Sentence)
- •16.3. Syntactical Replacements in a Compound Sentence
- •16.4. Replacement of a Main Sentence by a Subordinate One and Visa Versa
- •16.5. Replacement of Subordination by Coordination and Visa Versa
- •16.6. Replacement of Syndeton by Asyndeton
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to causative constructions of “to have/get smth done” type in italics:
- •Topic 17: lexical replacements
- •17.1. Concretization
- •17.2. Generalization
- •17.3. Replacement of Effect by Cause and Vice Versa
- •17.4. Antonymic Translation
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian:
- •2. When translating the names of Canadian towns, beware not only of English and French, but also of a capricious use of Latin
- •Translate the following sentences making complex syntactical transformations while translating:
- •Topic 18. Lexical replacements (continued)
- •18.1. Compensation
- •18.2. Addition as a Translation Problem
- •18.3. Omission as a Translation Problem
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian: Pretending to be a translator
- •Список літератури
Список літератури
Адамовська Л.М., Зайковські С.А. Typical English Mistakes. Англійська мова. Як уникнути типових помилок. Довідник. – Тернопіль: Навчальна книга – Богдан, 1998. – 48 с.
Алексеева И. С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. – С.-П.: „Союз“, 2003. – 284 с.
Алимов В. В. Теория перевода. Перевод в сфере профессиональной коммуникации. –М.: Едиториал УРСС, 2004. – 160 с.
Бархударов Л. С. Язык и перевод. – М: МО, 1975. – 238 с.
Бреус Е. В. Основы теории и практики перевода с русского языка на английский. – М.: УРАО, 1998. – 208 с.
Галь Нора. Слово живое и мертвое. М.: „Книга“, 1979. – 208 с.
Дубенко О.Ю. Англо-американські прислів’я та приказки. Посібник для студентів та викладачів вищих навчальних закладів. – Вінниця: НОВА КНИГА, 2004. – 416 с.
Зарицький М.С. Переклад: створення та редагування: Посібник. – К.: Парламентське видавництво, 2004. – 120 с.
Казакова Т. А. Практические основы перевода. – С.-П.: „Союз“, 2003. – 320 с.
Карабан В.І. Translation from Ukrainian into English. Навчальний посібник-довідник для студентів вищих закладів освіти. – Вінниця: НОВА КНИГА, 2003. – 608 с.
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е. Е. Практическая грамматика английского языка с упражнениями и ключами. М.: ЮНВЕСТ ЛИСТ, 1996. – 720 с.
Коваленко А.Я. Науково-технічний переклад. – Тернопіль: Вид-во Карп’юка, 2004. – 284 с.
Комиссаров В. Н. Слово о переводе. – М.: МО, 1973. – 213 с.
Коптілов В. В. Теорія і практика перекладу. – К.: Юніверс, 2003. – 280 с.
Корунець І. В. Вступ до перекладознавства. Підручник. – Вінниця: Нова книга, 2008. – 512 с.
Корунець І. В. Теорія і практика перекладу. – К.: Вища шк., 1986. – 174 с.
Ланчиков В., Чужакин А. Трудности перевода. Пособие для студентов III-IV курсов переводческих факультетов/ – М.: Р.Валент, 2001. – 64 c.
Левицкая Т. Р., Фитерман А.М. Теория и практика перевода с английского на русский. – М.: Изд-во лит-ры на ин. языках, 1963. – 264 с.
Мирам Г. Практический перевод: Заметки к лекциям. – К.: Ника-Центр, 2005. – 184 с.
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Нелюбин Л.Л. Толковый переводоведческий словарь. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2008. – 320 с.
Основи перекладу: граматичні та лексичні аспекти: Навч. посіб./ За ред. В.К. Шпака, – К.: Знання, 2007. – 310 с.
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Сдобников В.В., Петрова О.В. Теория перевода. – М.: АСТ Восток-Запад, 2006. – 448 с.
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Федоров А. В. Основы общей теории перевода. – М.: ВШ, 1983. – 303 с.
Французская поэзия 19-20 веков: Сборник /Сост. С.Великовский/ – М.: Прогресс, 1982. – 612 с.
Чужакин А. Мир перевода-7. Прикладная теория устного перевода и переводческой скорописи. Курс лекций. – М.: Р.Валент, 2003. – 232 с.
Makkai Adam. Handbook of Commonly Used American Idioms. N-Y.: BARRON’S, 1996. – 338 p.
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ЗМІСТ
INTRODUCTION 3
TOPIC 1. TRANSLATOR’S ACTIVITY 7
1.1. Profession of Translator 7
1.2. Bilingualism 8
1.3. Professional Education 8
1.4. Back-up Essentials of Translation 9
1.5. Pitfalls of Translation 11
1.6. Attitude to the Materials for Translation 12
2.1. Qualities of Translator/Interpreter 15
2.2. Don’ts of a Translator/Interpreter 16
2.3. Working with English-speaking Clients 17
2.4. Translation Industry 20
2.5. Comparison with other Professions 21
2.6. Profession Perspective 24
TOPIC 3. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE TRANSLATION THEORY 29
3.1. Theory of Transformations 29
3.2. Problem of Non-translation 31
3.3. Extralinguistic Factor 33
3.4. Types of Background Knowledge 35
TOPIC 4. GRAMMATICAL, LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC PROBLEMS OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL TRANSLATION 48
4.1. The Subject Matter 48
4.2. Grammatical difficulties of scientific-technical translation 49
4.3. Grammatical Transformations in Scientific-technical Translation 51
4.4. Machine Translation 57
TOPIC 5. UNITS OF TRANSLATION 62
5.1. Classification of Translation Units 62
5.2. Level of Intonation 63
5.3. Translation on the Level of Phonemes/Graphemes 65
TOPIC 6. TRANSLATION ON THE LEVEL OF MORPHEMES 81
6.1. Morpheme as a Unit of Translation 81
6.2. Some Insights into How to Become Word-conscious 83
6.3. Latin and Greek Prefixes 85
6.4. Latin Roots 86
6.5. Latin and Greek Borrowings in English 90
6.6. Dictionary of Greek and Latin Roots 92
6.7. Latin Roots in English 94
TOPIC 7. TRANSLATION ON THE LEVEL OF WORDS 97
7.1. Examples of Translating on the Level of Words 97
7.2. Category of Gender in English and Ukrainian 99
TOPIC 8. SINGULAR AND PLURAL OF NOUNS AS A TRANSLATION PROBLEM 114
8.1. Singular and Plural Forms in English and Ukrainian 114
8.2. Plural of Compound Nouns 118
8.3. Nouns Used Only in Singular 118
8.4. Nouns Used Only in Plural 120
8.5. Grammatical Disagreement of Singular and Plural in English and Ukrainian 120
TOPIC 9. THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATING ARTICLES AND PRONOUNS 126
9.1. Translation of Indefinite Articles 126
9.2. The Problem of Translating Pronouns 128
TOPIC 10. “FALSE FRIENDS OF THE INTERPRETER” 137
10.1. Interpenetration of Words in Different Languages 137
10.2. Mistakes in Translation Related to Differences in Realia 142
10.3. Interlingual Homonymy and Paronymy 145
10.4. Examples of Translating Newspaper Clichés 147
10.5. Semantic Peculiarities of Medical Terms 149
TOPIC 11. TRANSLATION ON THE LEVEL OF WORD COMBINATIONS 159
11.1. Problems of Translating Idioms 159
11.2. Etymology of Idioms: Weird History 162
TOPIC 12: STYLISTIC, GRAMMATICAL AND SYNTACTICAL PECULIARITIES OF IDIOMS 166
12.1. Idiom as a Stylistic Device 166
12.2. Grammatical Peculiarities of Idioms 169
12.3. Syntactical Peculiarities of Idioms 170
12.4. Classes of Idioms 171
TOPIC 13: PHRASAL VERBS AND COMMON ENGLISH PHRASES 183
13.1. Phrasal Verbs 183
13.2. Common English Phrases 186
TOPIC 14: SLANG AS A PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION 194
14.1. Sociolinguistic Aspects of Slang 194
14.2. Primary and Secondary Slang 201
14.3. Individual Psychology of Slang 201
TOPIC 15: TRANSLATION ON THE LEVEL OF SENTENCE AND TEXT 212
15.1. Translation of Clichés and Formulas 212
15.2. Types of Proverbs and Their Translation 213
15.3. Translation on the Level of Text 215
TOPIC 16: REPLACEMENTS AS A TYPE OF TRANSLATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS 233
16.1. Replacing Word Forms and Parts of Speech 233
16.2. Replacements of the Sentence Members (Restructuring the Syntactical Structure of a Sentence) 235
16.3. Syntactical Replacements in a Compound Sentence 238
16.4. Replacement of a Main Sentence by a Subordinate One and Visa Versa 242
16.5. Replacement of Subordination by Coordination and Visa Versa 242
16.6. Replacement of Syndeton by Asyndeton 243
TOPIC 17: LEXICAL REPLACEMENTS 249
17.1. Concretization 249
17.2. Generalization 254
17.3. Replacement of Effect by Cause and Vice Versa 256
17.4. Antonymic Translation 258
TOPIC 18. LEXICAL REPLACEMENTS (continued) 267
18.1. Compensation 267
18.2. Addition as a Translation Problem 272
18.3. Omission as a Translation Problem 276
СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ 288
Навчальне видання
СИДОРУК Галина Іванівна
ОСНОВИ
ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВА
Навчально–методична розробка
(англійською мовою)
Технічний редактор С.М.Болєлий
Відповідальний за випуск О.О.Белай
Підп. до друку 23.10.11. Формат 60х84 1/16. Папір офс.
Офс. друк. Ум. друк. арк. 18,00. Обл.–вид. арк. 18,3.
Тираж 100 пр. Замовлення № 1908–1. Вид. № 23/Х
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ЗАТ «Інститут інтелектуальної власності Національного Університету «Одеська юридична академія»
МСП 03680, Київ-35, вул. Урицького, 45
Свідоцтво про внесення до державного реєстру
суб’єктів видавничої справи ДК №2075 від 27.01.2005
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