- •Introduction
- •St. Jerome’s Oath
- •Topic 1. Translator’s activity
- •1.1. Profession of Translator
- •1.2. Bilingualism
- •1.3. Professional Education
- •1.4. Back-up Essentials of Translation
- •1.5. Pitfalls of Translation
- •1.6. Attitude to the Materials for Translation
- •Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to Passive Constructions in italics:
- •Topic 2. The role of the translator
- •2.1. Qualities of Translator/Interpreter
- •2.2. Don’ts of a Translator/Interpreter
- •2.3. Working with English-speaking Clients
- •2.4. Translation Industry
- •2.5. Comparison with other Professions
- •2.6. Profession Perspective
- •Topic 3. Basic principles of the translation theory
- •3.1. Theory of Transformations
- •3.2. Problem of Non-translation
- •3.3. Extralinguistic Factor
- •3.4. Types of Background Knowledge
- •Translate the text: Помилки перекладачів повертають до життя мертвих
- •Topic 4. Grammatical, lexical and stylistic problems of scientific-technical translation
- •4.1. The Subject Matter
- •4.2. Grammatical difficulties of scientific-technical translation
- •4.3. Grammatical Transformations in Scientific-technical Translation
- •4.4. Machine Translation
- •Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to polisemantic auxiliary words: as, but, but for, either, neither, which:
- •Topic 5. Units of translation
- •5.1. Classification of Translation Units
- •5.2. Level of Intonation
- •5.3. Translation on the Level of Phonemes/Graphemes
- •Choose one the following nursery rhymes for literary translation:
- •Topic 6. Translation on the level of morphemes
- •6.1. Morpheme as a Unit of Translation
- •6.2. Some Insights into How to Become Word-conscious
- •6.3. Latin and Greek Prefixes
- •6.4. Latin Roots
- •6.5. Latin and Greek Borrowings in English
- •6.6. Dictionary of Greek and Latin Roots
- •6.7. Latin Roots in English
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to converted words and word combinations in italics:
- •Topic 7. Translation on the level of words
- •7.1. Examples of Translating on the Level of Words
- •7.2. Category of Gender in English and Ukrainian
- •Translate the text into Ukrainian: foreign words and phrases French Words: Pronunciation
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to figurative expressions in italics:
- •Topic 8. Singular and plural of nouns as a translation problem
- •8.1. Singular and Plural Forms in English and Ukrainian
- •8.2. Plural of Compound Nouns
- •8.3. Nouns Used Only in Singular
- •8.4. Nouns Used Only in Plural
- •8.5. Grammatical Disagreement of Singular and Plural in English and Ukrainian
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian: Bear or beer?
- •Topic 9. The problem of translating articles and pronouns
- •9.1. Translation of Indefinite Articles
- •9.2. The Problem of Translating Pronouns
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian: How to talk about pay
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to neologisms and egologisms in italics:
- •Topic 10. “false friends of the interpreter”
- •10.1. Interpenetration of Words in Different Languages
- •10.2. Mistakes in Translation Related to Differences in Realia
- •10.3. Interlingual Homonymy and Paronymy
- •10.4. Examples of Translating Newspaper Clichés
- •10.5. Semantic Peculiarities of Medical Terms
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian: time management
- •Topic 11. Translation on the level of word combinations
- •11.1. Problems of Translating Idioms
- •11.2. Etymology of Idioms: Weird History
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to elliptical constructions in italics:
- •Topic 12: stylistic, grammatical and syntactical peculiarities of idioms
- •12.1. Idiom as a Stylistic Device
- •12.2. Grammatical Peculiarities of Idioms
- •12.3. Syntactical Peculiarities of Idioms
- •12.4. Classes of Idioms
- •Translate the following texts into Ukrainian: Semantic Change
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the homogeneous verbs which require different noun cases enhanced in italic font:
- •Topic 13: phrasal verbs and common english phrases
- •13.1. Phrasal Verbs
- •13.2. Common English Phrases
- •Translate the text into Ukrainian: The Importance of Analysis in Translation
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to affixal coinages in italics:
- •Topic 14: slang as a problem of translation
- •14.1. Sociolinguistic Aspects of Slang
- •14.2. Primary and Secondary Slang
- •14.3. Individual Psychology of Slang
- •Read and translate the dialogue below, learn the attached vocabulary and do the exercises below: American Slang: At the Mall Dialogue in slang
- •Translation of dialogue in standard English
- •Dialogue in slang as it would be heard
- •Vocabulary
- •Practice the Vocabulary
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to formal Subject (in italics) of a sentence which in translation becomes Object:
- •Topic 15: translation on the level of sentence and text
- •15.1. Translation of Clichés and Formulas
- •15.2. Types of Proverbs and Their Translation
- •15.3. Translation on the Level of Text
- •Translate the following text paying attention to Geographical Names on the Map of the usa in italics:
- •1. Introduction Geographical Names
- •Learn the most popular English proverbs and their interpretation:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to homogeneous members of a sentence with different combinative power (in italics):
- •Topic 16: replacements as a type of translational transformations
- •16.1. Replacing Word Forms and Parts of Speech
- •16.2. Replacements of the Sentence Members (Restructuring the Syntactical Structure of a Sentence)
- •16.3. Syntactical Replacements in a Compound Sentence
- •16.4. Replacement of a Main Sentence by a Subordinate One and Visa Versa
- •16.5. Replacement of Subordination by Coordination and Visa Versa
- •16.6. Replacement of Syndeton by Asyndeton
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to causative constructions of “to have/get smth done” type in italics:
- •Topic 17: lexical replacements
- •17.1. Concretization
- •17.2. Generalization
- •17.3. Replacement of Effect by Cause and Vice Versa
- •17.4. Antonymic Translation
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian:
- •2. When translating the names of Canadian towns, beware not only of English and French, but also of a capricious use of Latin
- •Translate the following sentences making complex syntactical transformations while translating:
- •Topic 18. Lexical replacements (continued)
- •18.1. Compensation
- •18.2. Addition as a Translation Problem
- •18.3. Omission as a Translation Problem
- •Translate the following text into Ukrainian: Pretending to be a translator
- •Список літератури
15.2. Types of Proverbs and Their Translation
1. Absolute mono-equivalents – not numerous:
Habit is second nature. |
Звичка – друга натура. |
A good name is better than riches. |
Добра слава краща за багатство. |
Extremes meet. |
Крайнощі сходяться. |
Time is money. |
Час – гроші. |
2. Relative mono-equivalents – with partial divergence of figurativeness:
Великому кораблю велике плавання. |
A great ship asks deep waters. |
Мовчання – знак згоди. |
Silence gives consent. |
Одна ластівка весни не робить. |
One swallow doesn’t make a summer. |
Один розум добре, а два– краще. |
Two heads are better than one. |
Порожня бочка сильніше гримить. |
Empty vessels make most noise. |
Гарно сміється той, хто сміється останнім. |
He laughs best who laughs last. |
3. Some proverbs are rendered by means of the antonymic equivalent:
Не та собака кусає, яка гавкає. |
His bark is worse than his bite. |
Курчат рахують восени. |
Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. |
4. With full divergence of figurativeness – the most numerous group:
Хто старе згадає, тому око геть. |
Let bygones be bygones. |
Любиш кататись, люби й санчата возити. |
After dinner comes the reckoning. |
Лякана ворона і куща боїться. |
Once bitten, twice shy. |
Рибак рибака здалеку бачить. |
Birds of a feather flock together. |
Дерево, що скрипить, два віки стоїть. |
A creaking door hangs long on its hinges. |
У семи няньок дитя без ока. |
Too many cooks spoil the broth. |
Не помажеш, не поїдеш. |
Creaking wheel needs grease. |
5. Antonymic translation is used in the following proverbs:
В чужий монастир зі своїм статутом не ходять. |
Do in Rome as the Romans do (When in Rome do as the Romans do). |
Нема худа без добра. |
Every dark cloud has a silver lining. |
Шила в мішку не сховаєш. |
Murder will out. |
6. With divergence in number or word order:
Гра не варта свічок. |
The game is not worth the candle. |
Краплина по краплині і каміння зітре. |
Little strokes fell great oaks. |
Нема троянди без колючок. |
There is no rose without a thorn. |
Прийшла біда, відчиняй ворота. |
Misfortunes never come alone. |
Все добре, що добре закінчується. |
All’s well that ends well. |
Куй залізо, допоки гаряче. |
Strike while the iron is hot. |
Не все те золото, що блищить. |
All that glitters is not gold. (All is not gold that glitters). |
7. Selective translation: There are many synonymous proverbs in English, the same as in Russian, which may cause difficulties in choosing the most appropriate variant. The Russian proverb:
Краще синиця в руці, ніж журавель в небі.
corresponds to three English proverbs:
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
Better an egg to-day than a hen to-morrow.
One to-day is worth two tomorrow.
The reverse examples with several synonymous Russian proverbs, obtaining one translation in English, also take place.