Money has no smell

People say that these words belong to Vespasian, an emperor of Rome. Suetonius, a Roman historian, writes that the words were used by Vespasian on the following occasion. Once the emperor’s son Titus reproached his father that he had introduced a tax on public lavatories. Vespasian told him to smell the money he was holding in his palm and to see if the smell was not foul. Titus said that the smell was not foul. Vespasian remarked that money was in the urine, because it had been just paid as the tax on lavatories.

The dollar

The dollar is the basic unit of United States money. It is worth 100 cents. The dollar is also the main currency unit of many countries in the world. The dollar was adopted in the USA in 1792. The first US dollars were issued in silver and gold. After 1934, however, all gold coins were taken out of circulation. A silver dollar was issued at various times from 1794 until 1935. The dollar was adopted in Canada in 1878. Australia adopted the dollar in 1966 and New Zealand in 1967.

The pound

The basic unit of money of the United Kingdom is the pound, also called the pound sterling. Today the pound is equal to 100 pence. The British adopted the decimal system in 1971. Things were far more complicated in the past. The pound was subdivided into 20 shillings. The shilling was subdivided into 12 pennies. The guinea was equal to one pound one shilling. It was a gold coin used in fixing prices of valuable goods. There also were crowns, 5 -shilling silver coins; half crowns worth 2 shillings and 6 pence; florins, 2 -shilling silver coins; bobs worth 12 pence. a sixpence was a 6 -penny coin and a 3 -penny coin was called a “three pence”. There also were “ha’ pennies”, copper coins, worth half a penny, and farthings, or quarter - penny coins.

The tenge

The tenge is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tiyin . It was introduced on 15th of November 1993 to replace the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 tenge = 500 rubles. The ISO-4217 code is KZT.

The word tenge in the Kazakh and most other Turkic languages means a set of scales. The origin of the word is the Turkic teğ- which means being equal, balance. The name of this currency is thus similar to the lira, pound and peso. The name of the currency is related to the Russian word for money Russian: деньги / den'gi/, which was borrowed from Turkic.

Speaking

1. Which of these sentences best describes your attitude to money?

1. All I want is enough money to enjoy life.

2. Money is very important to me. I’d like to earn as much as possible.

3. I would be happy to live with less money and fewer possessions.

2. Try to explain the meaning of these quotations. Do you agree with them.

Money can’t buy you happiness.

Those who believe money can do anything will often do anything for money.

Answer these questions:

1. What is the basic unit of money in the USA?

2. How much is dollar worth?

3. Where does the dollar circulate?

4. When was the dollar adopted in the United States?

5. Were the first dollars issued in copper?

6. Do gold coins circulate now?

7. When was the dollar adopted in Canada?

8. When did Australia and New Zealand adopt the dollar?

9. What is the basic unit of money in the UK?

10. When was the decimal system adopted in Great Britain?

11. How many shillings were there in the pound before 1971?

12. Was the guinea equal to one pound sterling?

13. What was the crown equal to?

14. Were there any copper coins in circulation?

15. What is the basic unit of money in Kazakhstan?

Match the meaning of the expressions:

to be bad money	to have a lot of money
to be in the money	to invest money in a wrong way
to coin the money	the matter not advantageous for investing money
easy money	in my opinion
for my money	to make much money
hard money	gold, silver, copper money
soft money	to invest money into a bad job
to sink money	money which somebody got without hard work
dirty money	paper money
to put one’s money on  a scratched horse	salary of workers, making dirty job

Writing

Give the translations of these sentences in written form:

1. Я думаю, что это невыгодное дело.

2. Не беспокойся, у меня достаточно денег.

3. Мне кажется, что он “кует деньги”.

4. Старайся не привыкать (get used to) к “легким деньгам”.

5. По моему мнению, вы должны туда поехать.

6. Что ты предпочитаешь – металлические или бумажные деньги?

7. Начать это строительство означает “утопить деньги”.

8. Я думаю, ты ставишь деньги не на ту лошадку.

Match the meaning of these proverbs:

Деньги на улице не валяются.	Money has no smell.
Деньги могут сделать все.	Money is a good servant but a bad master.
Человек должен распоряжаться деньгами, а не деньги человеком	Money doesn’t grow on trees.
Деньги, потраченные на образование, никогда не пропадут зря.	Money answers all things.
Деньги не пахнут.	Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.

Useful phrases: to pay for something - заплатить за что-то to pay somebody back the money- вернуть кому-либо деньги to pay in cash- платить наличными to pay by credit card - заплатить кредитной картой to spend money on something - потратить деньги на что-то to lend money from somebody- занимать деньги у кого-то Proverbs: Money has no smell. Деньги не пахнут. Money is a good servant but a bad master. Умный человек- хозяин деньгам, а скупой - слуга. Muck and money go together. Грязь и деньги ходят рядом. Lend your money and lose you friend. Хочешь потерять друга, одолжи ему денег Друга не теряй - денег не давай. A bargain is a bargain. Уговор дороже денег. Time is money. Время - деньги. Money makes the world go round. Деньги правят миром. Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. Расходы на обучение всегда окупаются.

Questions for computer based test

1. Choose the correct variant:

You look as if you … just …up.

1. have..woken

2. has… woken

3. had… wake

4. have… wakes

2. Choose the correct variant:

We… each other since we were children.

1. know

2. have known

3. have been known

4. has known

3. Choose the correct variant:

I’ve been … and … since I was little.

1. drawing… painting

2. draw… paint

3. drawn… painted

4. draws… paints

4. Choose the correct variant:

I have been learning English … 10 years.

1. since

2. for

3. in

4. on