II. Grammar: The Passive Voice

Система часів дієслова в пасивному стані.

Формула пасивного стану: to be + 3 fv

	Continuous	Indefinite	Perfect
	to be + being + 3fv	to be + 3fv	to have been + 3fv
Present	a m is being + 3fv are	a m is + 3fv are	h ave been + 3fv has
Past	w as being +3fv were	w as + 3fv were	had been + 3fv
Future		s hall be + 3fv will	s hall have been + 3fv will
	Дія в процесі в момент часу	Звичайна дія	Дія закінчена до моменту часу

Приклади перекладу тексту на українську мову речень з дієсловом в пасивному стані:

Tense		be + Participle II (ed)
Indefinite tenses	Present Past Future	New gas turbines are tested at this plant випробовуються New gas turbines were tested at this plant випробовувались New gas turbines will be tested at this plant будуть випробовуватись
Perfect tenses	Present Past Future	New gas turbines have been tested at this plant вже випробувані New gas turbines had been tasted at this plant були випробувані до якогось моменту в минулому New gas turbines will had been tested at this plant будуть випробувані до якогось моменту в майбутньому
Continuous tenses	Present Past	New gas turbines are being tested at this plant випробовуються в даний момент New gas turbines were being tested at this plant випробовувались раніше в якийсь проміжок часу

Особливості перекладу пасивних конструкцій:

Якщо в пасивному стані вживаються дієслова з прийменниками, то при перекладі на українську мову прийменник ставиться перед тим словом, яке в англійській мові є підметом.

Ex. These data is often referred to. На ці дані часто посилаються.

The readings of this device can be relied upon.

На показання цього лічильника можна покластися.

This device is much spoken about. Про цей пристрій багато говорять.

Exercise 1. Read word – combinations where subjects:

1. act;

2. are acted upon;

Water is used to …; energy is turned into …; object loses …; water is falling …; energy employs …; energy is employed …; sources are decreasing …; metals are used …; energy is being used …; scientist have transformed ….

Exercise 2. Rearrange the following to form a predicate:

Made have been; changed is; wondered have; lost is; read have; made was; equipped are; being was modified.

Exercise 3. Translate the following:

1). Was discovered by 1905; had been formulated by the end of the year.

2). Had been discovered by 1905; had been formulated by the end of the year.

3). Were been produced; was being explained.

4). Will be described; will be included.

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the predicated in the Passive Voice.

1. The discovery of this unit is much spoken about.

2. This problem was paid much attention to.

3. What is it made of?

4. The theory was followed by a number of experiments.

5. The data obtained are often referred to.

Exercise 5. Choose the sentences with predicates in the Passive Voice and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Energy is the ability to do work 2. Energy associated with motion is called mechanical energy. 3. Energy appears in many forms. 4. Heat energy often causes changes in temperature. 5. Electric energy may be transformed into any other necessary form. 6. Solar energy has been transformed into electric energy. 7. The sun is an unlimited source of energy.