I. Language.

Exercise 1. Remember the following worlds and world-combinations:

in order to – для того, щоб;

all over the world – у всьому світі;

because of – через, внаслідок;

to burn – спалювати;

to connect – з’єднувати, зв’язувати;

to develop – розвивати, розробляти;

discovery – відкриття;

to electricity – електрифікувати;

field – поле, галузь(науки, техніки);

instead of – замість;

to mention – згадувати;

power – енергія, держава;

substance – речовина, матерія;

valuable – цінний;

to contain – містити в собі;

mankind – людство;

heat – тепло;

proof – доказ;

to prove – доказувати;

installation – установка, установлення;

to employ – використовувати.

Exercise 2. Learn to recognize the following international words:

Milliard, secret, atom, to circulate, station, thermal, problem, electron, conductor, professor, experiment, atmospheric, method, academician, interval, condenser, engineer, to transform, kilometer, energy.

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following words and their derivatives paying attention to the suffixes and the prefixes:

To connect – connection – to disconnect; to develop – development; discovery – to discover – discoverer – rediscover; to electrify – electrification; engineer – engine – engineering; power – powerful – to power; to protect – protection – protector – protective; valuable – value – to value.

Exercise 4. Translate the following groups of words:

To burn coal, because of water power, to electrify metal, useful substance, in the field of science, to develop new devices, instead of chemical sources.

Нове відкриття, у всьому світі, інженер з досвідом, захищати будівлі, наелектризований предмет, важлива проблема, продовжувати вивчати.

Exercise 5. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:

Modern, to get, to transform, foundation, to connect, field, to produce, to raise, to employ, up-to-date, to use, to increase, to change, basis, to receive, branch, to link, to generate.

Exercise 6. Arrange the following words in pairs of antonyms:

Important, long, to find, useful, single, strong, famous, high, to continue, unknown, numerous, to stop, weak, low, short, to look for, useless, unimportant.

II. Grammar.

The Gerundial Constructions.

1. Lomonosov’s having studied atmospheric electricity contributed to the development of science. Те, що Ломоносов вивчав атмосферну електрику, сприяло розвитку науки. 2. Everybody insisted on this experiment being made once more. Всі наполягали на тому, щоб цей експеримент зробити ще раз.

Exercise 7. Find the sentences with: a) the Gerundial Construction; b) Gerund in different functions. Translate them into Russian.

1. The thunder is caused by heating the air by a spark. 2. A lightning conductor is a means of protecting buildings from strokes of lightning. 3. We know of this house being destroyed by a stoke of lightning. 4. After having studied the phenomenon of atmospheric electricity, Franklin invented the lightning conductor. 5. Franklin’s having worked in the field of electricity is known the world over.

6. Before making experiments Franklin made numerous observations. 7. Protecting buildings from strokes of lightning was impossible before Franklin’s time. 8. A lightning conductor is capable of protecting buildings from strokes of lightning.

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Gerundial Construction:

1. We didn’t know about his being sent to the power station. 2. I remember my having told her about the experiment. 3. His having asked such a question shows that he did not understand my explanation.

4. We know of different experiments being made in this laboratory. 5. Everybody knows about your having worked at the nuclear power plant. 6. The students read about the new achievements having being made in the field of nuclear physics. 7. The dean knew about the students taking part in this conference. 8. Thanks to the lightning conductor having being invented it is possible to protect buildings from strokes of lightning.

Exercise 9. Complete the following sentences using the Gerund.

M odel: She cannot read English without … She cannot read English without consulting a dictionary.

1. My friend went home instead of … . 2. The students went on … . 3. Have you finished …? 4. The friends spoke of … . 5. You must turn the light off before … . 6. There are different ways of … . 7. A barometer is an instrument for … .