VIII. Reading and Comprehension.

Exercise 1. Read Text C for 3 minutes and find the English equivalents to the

fol­lowing Ukrainian sentences.

Елементи, які були синтезовані, одержали назву в честь вчених, чия рoбота мала ве­лике значення в ядерній науці.

Text C.

Kurchatovium and some other new elements

As early as in 1940, physicists learned to manufacture elements with atoms more com­plicated than those of uranium, with its atomic number 92. By 1960 ten of these ele­ments, from 93 to 102 had been formed. One way of forming them was to bombard at at­oms of elements already produced with small atomic nuclei.

Previous elements that had been synthesized had been named after scientists whose work had significance in nuclear science. Element 99 is einsteinium named after Einstein, who was the first to show that mass could be converted to energy; 101 mendelevium named after Mendeleyev, who first developed the periodic table of elements.

In 1965 a group of Soviet scientists bombarded plutonium (94) with nuclei of neon (10) and obtained 104, which they named kurchatovium after Kurchatov, a well-known Soviet nuclear physicist.

Scientists in Dubna synthesized a new element which occupies position 106 in Men­deleyev’s Table.

This element had a life of about a hundredth of a second, but that was much longer than had been expected.

The synthesis of the element increased our knowledge about the properties of the heaviest nuclei and pointed the way to new methods of obtaining them.

Exercise 2. Point out the paragraph which expressed the main idea of text C.

Exercise 3. Rearrange the sentences to make a summary of the text.

1. The synthesis of the elements pointed out the way of obtaining new elements. 2. Physi­cists learned to manufacture elements with complicated atoms. 3. Soviet scientists in Dubna bombarded plutonium after Kurchatov, well-known Soviet nuclear physicists. 4. Several synthesizes elements had been named after outstanding scientists.

Unit 4

I. Language.

Exercise 1. Remember the following worlds and world-combinations:

lightning - блискавка

flash - спалах

to charge - заряджати

to conduct - проводити

to strike (struck) - ударяти

to destroy - руйнувати

dangerous - небезпечний

to imagine – уявляти, зображати

to invent - винаходити

to throw (threw, thrown) - кидати

according to – згідно з

powerful - могутній

to try - намагатися

to solve - вирішувати

to result from - виникати

to cover - покривати

to protect - захищати

therefore - отже

to provide - забезпечувати

familiar - знайомий

device – устрій, прилад

numerous – численний

Exercise 2. Learn to recognize the following international words:

Atmospheric, Scandinavians, laboratory, electricity, experiment, kilometer, conductor, problem, professor, fact.

Exercise 3. Read the following words and their derivatives paying attention to the suffixes and the prefixes.

Charge – to charge – chargeable – to discharge – to recharge; to conduct – conductor – conductivity – conductance; dangerous – danger – dangerously; inventor – to invent – inventive – inventiveness; like – unlike – likely; observation – to observe – observer – observable; scientific – science – scientist – scientifically.

Exercise 4. Match the following groups of words from column A with groups of words from column B.

Column A	Column B
1. electrical charges 2. invented devices 3. known phenomenon 4. useful property 5. scientific study 6. to solve a difficult problem 7. to destroy houses 8. to conduct current 9. to name after the inventor 10. numerous experiments	1. проводити спостереження 2. заряджати батарею 3. наукова стаття 4. схожі явища 5. постачати паливо 6. руйнувати будинки 7. знайомий кожному 8. властивості напівпровідників 9. небезпечне явище 10. виявляти велику зацікавленість

Exercise 5. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:

Now; building; next; familiar; to fall; to call; well-known; to drop; house; to construct; to name; to break; to find out; to invent; to learn out; to destroy; at present; following; instrument.

Exercise 6. Arrange the following words in pairs of antonyms:

Open; conductor; familiar; always; necessary; close; possible; insulator; outside; unfamiliar; never; unnecessary; nobody; before; best; to protect; as well; inside; everybody; after; worse; also; to destroy; impossible.