III. Reading.

Exercise 1. Read and translate Text A.

Text A.

Atomic energy

A man trying to see a single atom is like a man trying to see a single drop of water in the sea while he is flying high above it. He will see the sea made up of a great many sing drop. By the way, there are so many atoms in the drop of water that if one could count one atom a second, day and night, it would take one hundred milliard years. But that is cer­tainly impossible.

Man has, however, learned the secret of the atom. He has learned to split atoms in order to get great quantities of energy. At present, coal is one of the most important fuel and our basic source of energy. It is quite possible that some day coal and other fuel may be replaced by atomic energy.

The nuclear reactor is one of the most reliable “furnaces” producing atomic energy. Being used to produce energy, the reactor produces it in the form of heat. In other words, atoms splitting in the reactor, heat is developed. Gas, water, melted metals, and some other liquids circulating through the reactor carry that heat away. The heat may be carried to pipes of the steam drives a turbine, the turbine in its turn driving an electric generator. So we see that nuclear power-station is like any other power-station but the familiar coal-burning furnace is replaced by a nuclear one, that is the reactor supplies energy to the tur­bines. The amount of nuclear fuel which the nuclear power-plant consumes is negligible while the world’s uranium and thorium resources will last for hundreds of the years.

The construction of the world’s first nuclear power-plant in Obninsk near Moscow is a great historical event and the beginning of atomic energetic.

The nuclear power-stations are mostly designed for generation of electricity. If a sta­tion generates only electric energy, it is equipped with condensing turbines and the station is known as a condensing one. At present the nuclear power-stations manly operate as con­densing plants. The nuclear power-stations designed to produce not only electrical energy but also heat are called nuclear heat- and power-plants. By the end of the present century half of all the world’s electricity will come from nuclear power-plants.

IV. Language.

Exercise 1. Find correspondence:

1. to split atoms

2. great quantities

3. quit possible

4. to be replaced

5. basic source

6. reliable furnaces

7. in other words

8. to drive a turbine

9. to consume fuel

10) condensing turbine

11) to have significance

1) цілком можливо

2) бути заміненим

3) розчепити атоми

4) надійні печі

5) великі кількості

6) приводити в рух турбіну

7) конденсуючи турбіни

8) мати значення

9) основне джерело

10) споживати пальне

11) іншими словами

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the underlined words.

1) Modern civilization needs more and more electricity. 2) You needn’t go to the labora­tory. 3) The energy needs in industry are increasing day by day. 4) What do we need elec­tric energy for? 5) Cold turns water into ice. 6) The sun in its turn turns ice into water. 7) The turbines are turned by steam, gas and water. 8) The teacher says, “It’s your turn to read”. 9) It is possible to turn solar energy into electric energy owing to semiconductors. 10) When you enter a dark room turn the light on, and leaving it turn the light off.

Exercise 3. Define the following words according to the model given below.

Model: The motor is a device transforming electric energy into mechanical energy.

Energy, battery, kinetic energy, nuclear reactor, potential energy.