- •Методичні рекомендації
- •I. Language.
- •II. Grammar: The Passive Voice
- •III. Reading.
- •IV. Language.
- •V. Comprehension.
- •VI. Practice.
- •VII. Reading and Practice.
- •Harnessing solar energy
- •Conservation of Energy
- •I. Language.
- •II. Grammar.
- •III. Reading.
- •Electric current
- •IV. Language.
- •V. Comprehension.
- •VI. Practice.
- •VII. Reading and practice.
- •Electric circuit
- •Electricity may be dangerous
- •I. Language.
- •II. Grammar.
- •Function of Participle I and Participle II
- •III. Reading.
- •Atomic energy
- •IV. Language.
- •V. Comprehension.
- •VI. Practice.
- •VII. Reading and Practice.
- •Fusion breakthrough
- •VIII. Reading and Comprehension.
- •Kurchatovium and some other new elements
- •I. Language.
- •II. Grammar. The Gerund.
- •III. Reading.
- •Lightning
- •IV. Language.
- •V. Comprehension.
- •VI. Oral Practice.
- •VII. Reading.
- •Is Lightning Good or Bad?
- •VIII. Comprehension.
- •IX. Oral Practice.
- •X. Reading.
- •Ball Lightning.
- •I. Language.
- •II. Grammar.
- •III. Reading.
- •Atmospheric Electricity
- •IV. Language.
- •V. Oral Practice.
- •VI. Reading.
- •Early history of electricity
- •VI. Reading.
- •VII. Oral Practice.
- •VIII. Reading.
- •Static Electricity
- •IX. Comprehension.
- •X. Language.
- •XI. Oral Practice.
- •I. Language.
- •II. Grammar. The Infinitive
- •III. Reading.
- •From the History of Electricity
- •IV. Language.
- •V. Comprehension.
- •VI. Oral Practice.
- •VII. Reading.
- •Electricity Serves Man
- •VIII. Language.
- •IX. Oral Practice.
- •X. Reading.
- •Electric Fields
- •XI. Comprehension.
- •XII. Language.
- •XIII. Oral Practice.
- •Electricity Restructuring
- •Wind Energy
- •Towards the age of the sun
- •Zero energy housing
- •The future for roofing By Ronald Rovers – Novem
- •Mirroring European Change
- •Geothermal Energy
- •Geothermal resources
II. Grammar.
Participle. Forms & Functions
|
Active |
Passive |
Indefinite |
Constructing
The engineers constructing the nuclear power-station came across many difficulties. |
being constructed
The nuclear power station being constructed lately in one of the most important projects. |
Perfect
|
having constructed
Having constructed the nuclear power-station the engineers resumed work at another project. |
having been constructed
Having been constructed the nuclear power station showed its best characteristics. |
Function of Participle I and Participle II
|
Participle I |
Participle II |
Означення |
Water falling from its raised position changes position changes potential energy into kinetic energy. Вода, падаюча (яка падає) з високого положення, змінює потенціальну енергію на кінетичну.
Atomic energy being developed in a reactor gives us both heat and electrical energy. Атомна енергія, яка виробляється в реактор, дає нам я теплову, так і електричну енергію. |
A force applied may be calculated from this equation. Прикладена сила може бути розрахована з цього рівняння.
The body lifted to this height may be used for this experiment. Тіло, підняте на цю висоту, може бути використане для цього експерименту. |
Обставина |
Making a number of experiments the scientists used different substances. Проводячи дослід, вчений використав різні речовини.
Being a force of heat and electrical energy, atomic energy can also serve us in medicine. Будучи джерелом теплової та електричної енергії, атомна енергія може служити нам у медицині.
Having studied the theory they applied it in their work. Вивчивши теорію, вони застосовували її у своїй роботі. Having been tested under different conditions the device was put into operation. Після того як пристрій був випробуваний при різних умовах, він був уведений у дію.
|
When finished the nuclear power-station will produce heat and electrical energy. Коли атомна електростанція буде закінчена, вона буде виробляти теплову та електричну енергію. |
Exercise 1. Translate the following:
1) the workers doing – the work done;
the engineers producing – the machines produced;
the workers testing – the equipment tested;
the delegations representing – the country represented;
2) obtaining energy; having obtained the energy;
using the reactors; having used the reactors;
representing the mechanism; having represented the mechanism;
testing the device; having tasted the device;
3) the work performed showed; the results obtained showed;
the equation obtained proved; the problem solved proved;
the equipment tested required; the experiment discussed result.
Exercise 2. Choose the current form of the Participle I and Participle II.
1) (When solving, having solved) new problems the scientists do a lot of research.
2) (Building, having built) the electric power-station the workers left the construction site.
3) The scientists (discussing, discussed) this problem will take part in the conference.
4) The problem (discussing, discussed) at the conference are of great importance for future research.
5) The energy (transforming, transformed) in this experiment was heat energy.
6) The experiments (carrying, carried) out at our laboratory are rather interesting.
7) The period (following, followed) this invention was very interesting.
Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Participle.
1) Working at his new device, the inventor made numerous experiments. 2) We have been speaking about the peaceful use of atomic energy. 3) In future the nuclear reactor must be one of the most reliable “furnaces” producing atomic energy. 4) The construction of power-stations operating on atomic fuel generating electric current is quite necessary. 5) Being a source of heat and electrical energy, atomic energy can also serve us in medicine. 6) The energy sources of the world decreasing, it is necessary to turn to atomic energy. 7) Water falling from its raised position changes potential energy into kinetic energy.