Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences) Типы условных предложений

Тип условного предложения	Действие относится к:	Придаточное предложение	Главное предложение	Инверсия
I. Реальное	вообще	present / past simple	present / past / future simple	should
(true)		If it rains (today / tomorrow)	they (will) stay at home	Should it rain
II. Нереальное 1	настоящее / будущее	past simple	conditional with would	were ... to
(маловероятное)		If it rained (today / tomorrow)	they would stay at home	Were it to rain
III. Нереальное 2	прошлое	past perfect	conditional with would have	had
(not true)		If it had rained (yesterday)	they would have stayed at home	Had it rained

1. В английском языке придаточные предложения условия соединяются с главным при помощи следующих союзов:

If – если:

If you graduate from the faculty of Law you will become a lawyer.

Unless – если ... не:

We will fail the investigation unless we hurry with evidence.

Supposing (that) – предположим (что), допустим (что):

Supposing the case is initiated, shall we arrest the suspect?

On condition (that), provided (that) – при условии если, при условии что:

We were called to give testimony on condition that we were the only

eye-witnesses of the crime.

(Последние два союза в разговорной речи не употребляются.)

2. Типы условных предложений выделяются в зависимости от типа условия:

I тип – реальное (возможны все три времени, только после if/when не употребляется будущее время: When /if' I'm /was late for dinner mother got / gets /will get angry); II тип – маловероятное (поскольку относится к настоящему и будущему); III тип – нереальное (все было в прошлом).

(Более подробную информацию по теме смотрите в приложении Б.)

Exercise 5. Определите тип условных предложений, переведите их.

1) If he had used information about system of standards on management, his report would have been more interesting.

2) I would have paid for her if I hadn't paid last time!

3) If you had put the milk in the fridge, it wouldn't have gone bad.

4) I would have gone with you last night if I hadn't seen the film before.

5) If I’d recognized him, I would have said hello.

6) If I had listened to that CD first, I wouldn't have bought it.

7) If the material specified for the pipe was plastic, then a metal pipe would fail the certification process.

8) They would improve quality of their goods, if they used international and regional standards in the domestic practice.

Exercise 6. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму:

1) If firm standards surpass requirements of national standards, they automatically (become) national.

2) If the weather (to be) better, we would have stayed longer.

3) If I hadn’t stopped for petrol, I (to arrive) before he left.

4) We (to be) late if we hadn’t taken a taxi.

5) She wouldn’t have come if she (to know) he was here.

6) It would have been cheaper if we (to book) last month.

7) If you’d told me earlier, I (to go) too.

8) If the certification program has any validity, the standards will specify accurate and reproducible methods of testing.

Exercise 7. Догадайтесь о типе условного предложения. Вместо пропуска вставьте необходимый по смыслу глагол в нужной форме.

1) If he ... the course "Standardization and Certification of Forest Products" well, he would have passed the exam.

2) I … so angry if you had told me the truth.

3) I would have written to you if I … your email address.

4) If you … to me, you wouldn’t have married him.

5) If I ... you I would try to find standards activities overview in the Internet.

6) If I … that it was your birthday, I would have made a cake.

Exercise 8. Завершите предложение словами из данного списка.

after as soon as before if unless until when

Model: After we have dinner, we could go for a drink.

1) I must write the date in my diary … I forget it.

2) Let’s wait under the tree … it stops raining.

3) This job is very urgent so, please, do it … you can.

4) We won’t get a table in the restaurant … we don’t book.

5) I’ll pay you back … I get my first salary.

6) I can’t go … you pay for my ticket. I’m broke.

7) They’ll be really happy … they hear your news.

8) I want to go on working. I’m 60. Then I’ll retire.

9) I must renew my passport … I go to New York.

10) … you work harder, you won’t pass the final exam.

Exercise 9. Напишите условные предложения второго типа.

Model: If you / speak to your boss, I'm sure he / understand.

If you spoke to your boss, I’т sure he would understand.

1) It/be better for me if we/meet tomorrow.

2) She/not treat him like that if she really/love him.

3) If I/can live anywhere in the world, I/live in New Zealand.

4) The kitchen/look bigger if we/paint it white.

5) I/not buy that house if I/be you.

6) He/be more attractive if he/wear nicer clothes.

7) If we/not have children, we/travel more.

8) What/you do in this situation if you/be me?

Exercise 10. Определите тип условного предложения (I или II) и завершите предложение.

Model: If you tell her anything, she’ll tell everybody in the office. (tell)

We’d have a dog if we had a garden. (have)

1) It'll be quicker if we … a taxi to the airport. (get)

2) If you stopped smoking, you … better. (feel)

3) What would you do if you … your job? (lose)

4) If you buy the food, I … tonight. (cook)

5) I think he’d be happier if he … alone. (not live)

6) I’ll be very surprised if Marina … coming here. (not get lost)

7) Where will he live if he … the job in Moscow? (get)

8) If she didn’t have to look after her mother, she … life more. (enjoy)