At the dental surgery

If it is necessary the dentists treat the patients at dental surgeries. A modern dental surgery is a large and light hall. One can see some uni­versal equipment here to fulfill the needs of the dentist. First of all there are units including engines with arm-chairs for the patients. These are quite modern easy-to-use dental unit sys­tems. The patients can sit or lie in the arm-chair. There are also small chairs for the dentists, they are movable and comfortable. There is an instrument table or an instrument holder near every arm-chair. It can be easily moved to be at the dentist's dispos­al. You can see some instruments on it. Usually there is a tray with a set of instruments such as: an explorer, a mixing pad, a pincett, a dental mirror, a probe and some others.

There are also instrument cupboards with many instruments in them. We can see temporary filling materials, composites, cements, glass-ionomers, bonding systems for restoration work; reamers, files, paper and guttapercha points, seals for endodontics; splints, trays, matrixes, impression materials for orthopaedic work; dental cotton rolls, rubber dam, prophy paste, saliva ejector for hygienic purposes. Hygiene is very important in the work of a dentist, that's why all the instruments are careful­ly cleaned or disinfected.

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions.

1. Where is dental aid usually rendered?

2. What does any den­tal clinic have?

3. What kinds of dental work do dentists per­form?

4. When is it necessary to make a diagnosis?

5. What pro­cedures are used to establish a diagnosis?

6. Is dental treat­ment always painful?

7. When does a patient have unpleasant sensations?

8. Do dentists do anything about it?

9. Why do they use new anodynes?

10. What will people forget about soon?

Exercise 5. Insert articles where necessary. Translate the sentences.

1. ... stomatological polyclinics are well-planned and comfort­able. 2. Any polyclinic has ... dental surgeries, ... laboratory, ... X-room, ... electropathic room and others. 3. ... treatment of diseases of ... dental pulp is very important. 4. Before the treat­ment one must make ... diagnosis. 5. ... number of different pro­cedures are necessary for making ... diagnosis of caries. 6. If a cavity is treated at ... early stage it can be painless. 7. Unpleasant sensations are connected with ... neglected tooth disorder. 8. Preventing tooth decay is ... very difficult problem.

Exercise 6. Using the following words make up sentences.

different, many, to help, procedures, to make, a, diagnosis, correct.

polyclinic, the, of, dentists, the, kinds, perform, all, of, work, dental.

treatment, to be, tooth, a, procedure, sometimes, very, painful.

try, treat, to, dentists, any, without, pain, new, using, ano­dynes,

the, patients.

Exercise 7. Make up 10 questions to the text “At the Dental Surgery” and answer them.

T E S T

1. Dental aid … usually … at the stomatological polyclinics.

a. has rendered b. will be rendered

c. is rendered d. is rendering

e. renders

2. Different procedures … to make a correct diagnosis.

a. have been used b. are used

c. are using d. to be used

e. used

3. The causes of some diseases are very difficult … .

a. are to be determined b. are determined

c. to determine d. to be determining

e. to be determined

4. Dental treatment is at times a very…

a. painful procedure b. early procedure

c. painless d. neglected

e. modern

5. Before the treatment … a disease it’s necessary to make a diagnosis.

a.in b. on c. –

d. by e. of

6. Dentists try to do something … unpleasant sensation.

a. by b. on c. of

d. about e. without

7. If a cavity is treated … an early stage it can be painless.

a. in b. at c. on

d. after e. before

8. Do dentists …anything about unpleasant sensation?

a. did b. have done c. do

d. has been doing e. done

9. When …it necessary to make a correct diagnosis?

a. did b. does c. has

d. are e. is

10. Where … a person get dental aid?

a. can b. may c. has to

d. is to e. might