Modern Stomatology - Сучасна стоматологія

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:

Whizzing [wiziŋ], replicate [replikeit], capture[kæptʃə],exposure[ikspəυʃə], conventional [kənvenʃənlə], obsolete [obsəli:t], unsurpassed [ʌnsɜ:pa:sd], precision [pri'siʃən], virtually [vɜ:tjuəli], ultimate [ʌltimit].

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary:

Digital цифровий to ease полегшувати option вибір to postpone відкладати shrill різкий to induce спонукати

benefit користь to replicate копіювати conventional звичайний obsolete застарілий suture-free без шва to capture захоплювати (рос. улавливать)

Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian:

Modern dental technologies; bone replacement; air abrasion; digital x-rays; dental lasers ; sedation dentistry; painful procedures; the variety and availability of dental technology; dental appointments; the dreaded whizzing noises; hard-to-reach places; composite dental materials; natural-looking results; a computer screen; unsurpassed precision in the treatment; a virtually suture-free operation; painless healing; the ultimate dental technology; complex procedures; to numb the CNS.

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text:

Modern dental technologies such as air abrasion, bone replacement, digital x-rays, dental lasers and sedation dentistry have greatly changed our experience of going to the dentist. Instead of painful procedures and *hit-or-miss methods, the availability of digital x-rays and dental lasers makes dental care more cost-effective and precise.  

For those who experience extreme fear and dread over visits to the dentist, sedation dentistry, in which a patient is given relaxing sedatives to ease tensions and pain, provides a modern option for care. The variety and availability of dental technology has made it so that you no longer have a good excuse for postponing your dental appointments.

Air abrasion is a dental technology that is an alternative to the drill, without the dreaded whizzing noises. Treating small cavities, removing hardened plaque and cleaning hard-to-reach places (such as the surface area between teeth) are all jobs performed through air abrasion.

Bone replacement is a dental technology that can be used to help people suffering from bone loss or those requiring tooth extractions. Most commonly, bone is taken from another part of the body and is used for its platelet-rich growth factors, which can induce bone tissue to grow and help heal teeth with low bone density.  

Mouth cancer patients who need to replace parts of their mouth that have been removed are one group of people who benefit from bone replacement.

Composite dental materials can be used to fill cavities, as well as to rebuild and restore teeth in natural ways. These materials are continually being improved to replicate tooth color more precisely and to hold their shape better.

Computer technology and dentistry have come together in the digital x-ray, a piece of dental technology that captures dental images through sensors and transmits the data to a computer screen for analysis. Digital x-rays greatly reduce patients' radiation exposure and are easier to use on the patient than conventional x-ray methods.

Dental lasers offer unsurpassed precision in the treatment of tumors, cold sores, decay removal and dental fillings. Using concentrated light energy to operate on a variety of conditions, dental lasers offer reduced discomfort during surgery and a virtually suture-free operation. Nearly painless healing is another benefit of using dental lasers.

Sedation dentistry is the ultimate dental technology because it allows patients to

undergo dental work without anxiety, pain or discomfort.  

Sedation dentistry uses anesthesia to numb the central nervous system, producing a relaxed sensation that makes the patient feel sleepy and aids the dentist’s work in complex procedures. 

*Hit-or-miss – випадковий, зроблений аби як, неточний; навмання (рос. как попало, кое-как, беспорядочно, бессистемно, наугад, наудачу, наобум).

Exercise 5. Translate the following word combinations into English. Make up the sentences of your own:

Методи лікування навмання; спричиняти оніміння; розслаблене відчуття; заколисливий, що наганяє сон; тривога, неспокій, турбота; неперевершена чіткість, точність; пропасниця (рос. лихорадка) на губах; чутливі елементі; передавати данні; піддавання радіації (випромінюванню); цифрове рентгенівське проміння; копіювати колір зубів; жахливий шум дзижчання; мати користь; фактори швидкого росту тромбоцитів.

Exercise 6. Skim the text and look for the answers to the following questions:

1. What are the main modern dental technologies?

2. What technologies make dental care more cost-effective and precise?

3. What provides a modern option for care for those who experience extreme fear and dread over visits to the dentist?

4. What are all jobs performed through air abrasion?

5. What is a bone replacement?

6. What for can composite dental materials be used?

7. What are the advantages of the Digital x-rays?

8. Where Dental lasers may be used?

9. What is another benefit of using dental lasers?

10. Why is sedation dentistry considered to be the ultimate dental technology?

Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences using the text:

1. Modern dental technologies such as air abrasion, bone replacement, digital x-rays, dental lasers and sedation dentistry have greatly changed our experience …

2. Instead of…. and *hit-or-miss methods, the availability of digital x-rays and dental lasers makes dental care more cost-effective and precise.  

3. … are all jobs performed through air abrasion.

4. … is a dental technology that can be used to help people suffering from bone loss or those requiring tooth extractions.

5. Composite dental materials can be used to … teeth in natural ways.

6. Digital x-rays are easier to use on the patient than …

7. Nearly… is another benefit of using dental lasers.

8. Sedation dentistry uses anesthesia to numb the …

Exercise 8. Insert the prepositions and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1.Prior …a dental examination, a patient should provide an updated medical and dental history… the dentist.

2.The shrill, distinctive sound … the traditional dental drill is what many people recall when feeling fearful of a trip… the dentist.

3.The advancements … materials engineering has made the use … composite dental materials widely available.

4.After an examination, patients may be advised … the proper method … brushing and flossing their teeth.

5.Producing natural-looking results while closing off cavities … further decay is the goal … using composite dental materials.

6.Certain treatments may be recommended, depending … the findings … the examination.

7.… addition, they make the need … processing times and photo labs obsolete, reducing the cost to the patient and allowing for multiple digital x-rays to be taken … added costs.

8.Some treatments (fillings, crowns) may be performed … the dentist, while others (root canals, braces) may require a visit … a specialist (endodontist, orthodontist).

Exercise 9. Make up the questions to the underlined words:

Patients who perform proper dental hygiene at home still benefit from dental examinations.

Dental experts recommend that people visit their dentist for an examination and cleaning twice a year.

Patients may also wish to speak to their dentist about any fear, anxiety or special concerns (e.g., a sensitive gag reflex). 

The use of fluoride may also be encouraged.

A comprehensive examination is likely to be done during an initial visit to a dentist, or upon changing dentists.

To maintain a sterile environment, dentists and their assistants don gloves and masks.

The dentist feels the lymph nodes on the face and neck, and checks the entire oral cavity—including the hard and soft palates, tongue, cheeks, lips, and floor of the mouth—for irregularities.

The deeper the pocket, the greater the chance for tooth loss, unless treatment is begun.

Exercise 10. Tell in detail about the main Modern dental technologies.

TEST

1. It's to … simply ignore a toothache

1. Easy b) hard c) often d) slowly e) quickly

2. The health of our … can greatly affect our ability to eat and speak

1. Mouth b) nose c) eyes d) teeth e) ears

3. … texts dating back to 1550 BCE refer to diseases of the teeth and various remedies used to alleviate them.

1. Ukrainian b) Russian c) Polish d) Egyptian e) Chinese

4. The Classic Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote about eruption patterns of teeth.

1. Aristotle b) Platon c) Socrate d) Pierre Fauchard e) Galen

5. We have definitely come a long way from the tree branch … ancient Egyptians used to clean their teeth.

1. detergent food b) rinse c) toothbrushes d) brushers e) toothpaste

6. In … , the first nylon toothbrush hit the market.

1. 1893 b) 1983 c) 1938 d) 1838 e) 1883

7. … is a dental technology that is an alternative to the drill

1. Bone replacement b) Air abrasion

2. Composite Dental Materials d) Digital X-Rays e) Dental Lasers

8. Mouth cancer patients who need to replace parts of their mouth that have been removed are one group of people who benefit from bone replacement.

1. has been removed b) have been removed

3. has been remove d) have been remove e) has been removes

9. Composite dental materials … used to fill cavities.

4. can’t be b) have to c) can d) haven’t to e) able to

10. Sedation dentistry is the ultimate dental technology because it allows patients to undergo dental work … anxiety, pain or discomfort.

5. By b) with c) without d) over e)above