The Heart - Серце
Exercise 1. Read the following words:
vascular ['vaskjulə] сосудистый, pericardium [,peri'ka:diəm] околосердечная сумка (перикард), apex [׳eipeks] верхушка, interspace ['intə(:)'speis] промежуток, costal ['kostl] реберный, septum ['septəm] перегородка, atrium ['eitriəm] предсердие, ventricle ['ventrikl] желудочек, valve ['vælv] клапан, fibrous ['faibrəs] волокнистый, фиброзный, systemic "[sis'temik] системный, pulmonary ['рΛlmənəri] легочный, portal ['po:tl] воротной, относящийся к воротной вене (портальный), include [in'klu:d] заключать, содержать в себе, включать, male [meil] мужчина, female ['fi:meil] женщина, separate ['seprit] отдельный; ['sepgreit] v отделять(ся), chamber ['t∫eimbə] камера, locate [lou'keit] расположить; определять местонахождение, carry ['keri] нести, носить; lung [lΛη] легкое , dilate [dai'leit] расширять(ся);увеличить(ся); раcтягивать(ся), contract [ksn'trækt] сокращать .
Exercise 2. Read and translate the following word combinations:
chamber: the heart consists of two separate chambers; the right atrium and the right ventricle are in the right chamber;
thick : a thick wall; thick ice; the walls of the left atrium are thick; the left ventricle has thick walls;
pulmonary: pulmonary artery, pulmonary circulation; pulmonary disease; pulmonary function; pulmonary valve;
dilate: dilated; to be dilated, the vessels dilate; the heart dilates and contracts
Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to Participles.
1. The men carrying out this experiment are new researchers from Glasgow University.
2. All sterilized instruments are kept in specials boxes.
3. A man operated on for acute appendicitis will stay here for a week.
4.1 know the doctor treating this patient.
5. A nurse taking a syringe asked whether he had an allergy on novocaine.
6. The analyses showing the microbes of pneumonia turned to be false.
7. The child left alone in the doctor's cabinet began to cry
8. The patient admitted to the hospital was a 45-year-old female.
9. The inner organs included in the thoracic cavity are the heart and the lungs.
10. The blood carried to the lungs is called venous blood.
11. Children vaccinated from smallpox, shouldn't get infected.
12. The operated patient feels much better now.
Exercise 4. Read and translate the text:
The heart is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest and included in the pericardium: The base of the heart is against the third rib. Its apex is against the interspace between the fifth and sixth costal cartilages. The weight of the heart is about 300 grams (g) in the male and about 220 g in the female.
The heart consists of two separate chambers divided by the septum. Each of the chambers has two connected parts: the atrium and the ventricle. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles.
The right atrium is larger than the left one, but the walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one. The right ventricle is triangular (треугольный) in form and has thick walls. The right ventricle is in the anterior part of the heart. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one. The walls of the left ventricle are three times as thick as the walls of the right one. The valves are located at the entrance and exit (выход") of each ventricle.
The muscular structure of the heart consists of fibrous bands divided into two groups —the first ones are the fibrous bands of the atria and the second ones are the fibrous bands of the ventricles.
The vascular system consists of three groups of vessels — arteries, veins and capillaries.
The vessels carrying blood to and from the tissues of the body compose the general system. They are "called the systemic vessels. The pulmonary system is formed by the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs.
The portal system is formed by the veins passing to the liver.
Most of the arteries are composed of three coats. The arteries dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart.
Exercise 5. Form and translate the new words by adding:
a) the prefix sub-: divide, tropical, class, cutaneous, costal, family, mucous;
b) the prefix inter-: costal, national, muscular, vertebral, ventricular, vascular
Exercise 6. Form Past Participle of the verbs given in brackets. Translate the sentences:
1. The patient (admit) to the hospital was a 45-year-old female.
2. The inner organs (include) in the thoracic cavity are the heart and the lungs.
3. The blood (carry) to the lungs is called venous blood.
Exercise 7.Give the English equivalents:
1. в три раза толще, чем стенки; 2. малый (легочный) круг кровообращения; 3. большой круг кровообращения; 4, кровообращение в системе воротной вены
Exercise 8. Choose the necessary Participle. Translate the sentences:
1. The blood vessels (located, locating) on the anterior surface of the arm were dilated. 2. The vessels (carried carrying) blood to the heart are called veins. 3. The lungs are the inner organs (included, including) in the thoracic cavity.
Exercise 9. Answer the following questions.
1. What is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest?
2. Where are the base of the heart and the apex located?
3. What is the weight of the heart in the male and in the female?
4. What does the heart consists of?
5. What are two connected parts of the chamber?
6. What separates the atria from the ventricles?
7. Can you compare the walls of the left and the right atrium?
8. How thick are the walls of the right ventricle?
9. Where are the valves located?
10. What does the muscular structure of the heart consist of?
11. How many groups of vessels does the vascular system consist of?
12. What vessels do we call systemic?
13. What is portal system formed by?
14. How do the arteries dilate and contract?
Exercise 10. Make up questions to the underlined words.
1. The right ventricle is triangular in form and has thick walls.
2. Pulmonary vessels carry blood to and from the lungs.
3. The weight of the heart in the female is about 220 gr.
4. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles.
5. The walls of the left ventricle are three times as thick as the walls of the right one.
6. The portal system is formed by the veins passing to the liver.
Cardiac cycle - Серцевий цикл
BLOOD - КРОВ
Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:
Oxygen [‘oksidZ(ə)n], nutrient [‘nju:triənt], essentially [I’sen∫(ə)li], aqueous [‘eikwiəs],serum [‘siərəm], protein [‘prəuti:n], erythrocyte [ə’riθrəsait], leukocyte [‘lju:kəsait], platelet [‘pleitlit], hemoglobin [,h:mo(u)’gloubin], parasite [‘pærəsait], thrombocyte [‘θrombosait], insufficient [insə’fi∫(ə)nt], through [θru:], hepatitis [hepə’taitis].
Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary:
To oxygenate збагачувати киснем To dissolve розчиняти
Carbon dioxide вуглекислий газ To deliver доставляти
Nutrient поживна речовина To refer (to) відноситись до
Clotting зсідання(крові), коагуляція Platelet пластинка