I. Work in pairs. Discuss the following issues:
Is science capable of proving the reality of the transcendent dimension of life?
Which approach, materialistic or idealistic should dominate in science?
What is your attitude to the theory of ‘delayed choice’ described in the article?
What kind of connection may there really exist between the man and the universe? What influence may it have on our lives?
GRAMMAR – CLEFT SENTENCES
A. Study the following sentences from the text and define their type. Translate them into Ukrainian paying attention to the words in bold. Then read grammar section in the box.
1. What you are saying is that modern science – not assuming anything about the existence of a spiritual dimension of life – has somehow come back around, and is finding itself in agreement with that view as a result of its own discoveries.
2. What happens in this experiment is that an atom emits two quanta of light, called photons, going opposite ways, and somehow these photons affect one another's behaviour at a distance, without exchanging any signals through space, instantaneously.
B. Rewrite the following sentences to focus attention on the information in bold. Use as many different variants with it- or what-clauses as possible.
1. We need quality, not quantity.
2. The government now needs a new sense of purpose.
3. I didn’t realize the value of education until after I left school.
4. I’d like you to close the book.
5. Dave lost his job and was short of money, so he sold his car.
6. Peter’s known for ages that his sister is coming to stay with us this weekend, but he only told me yesterday.
7. I had my wallet when I went into the sports hall, so I lost it somewhere in there.
8. I didn’t say that Bernard was going to live in Austria; I only said he was going there on holiday.
9. She doesn’t find learning languages very easy, and she improved her German only by studying very hard.
10. I went to bed early because I was feeling worn out.
C. Fill the gaps in the sentences with suitable words or phrases:
1. It was … that they managed to … hotel.
2. Is it Vienna or Venice which …?
3. It’s not because he …, it’s because he… that he can’t make friends with anybody.
4. What I … when… was that … who had told her everything.
5. It wasn’t … before we… what a big mistake … .
6. It … who … ‘Ukraine in Fire’.
7. … I know for sure … .
8. Why … that my friends are so unpunctual and … on time?
9. It used … my sister … the great reader in our family, but now it … the most books.
10. I didn’t … to watch that match, so what … my brother to video it.
WORD FORMATION
A. Complete the chart to provide the correct form of the words shown for the given parts of speech (not all forms are possible):
NOUNS |
ADJECTIVE |
VERB |
ADVERB |
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PLACE |
PERSON |
GERUND/THING |
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descend |
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origin |
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believer |
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observe |
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existing |
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participant |
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universe |
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evolve |
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adaptive |
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being |
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human |
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diverce |
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energetically |
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creature |
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organisation |
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B. Use the word on the right to form a derived word that fits in the space:
“What strange (1) ... we are!” noted the 13th Century mystic Rumi, “That sitting in Hell at the bottom of the dark, we are afraid of our own immortality!” Perhaps it is actually the power to choose our immortality, as well as everything from our personal healing to the peace of our world, that truly (2) ... us! A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that it is us —our consciousness— that holds the key to life and even (3) ... itself! In 1967 the pioneering physicist Konrad Zuse married the ideas of (4) ... with modern technology and proposed that our universe works like a massive consciousness computer. And just as every computer translates “Input-commands” into “Output-results,” our cosmic consciousness computer appears to do precisely the same thing! When we translate our deepest (5) ... into the (6) ... of our world, we are literally re-writing the code that makes the universe appear as it does. A series of (7) ... discoveries has given us a powerful new way to think of our role in the universe. Rather than the conventional view that suggests we are passive (8) ... , living a brief moment of time in a creation that already exists, the discoveries suggest that it is actually consciousness itself that is responsible for the (9) ... of the universe! Perhaps the most (10) ... discovery supporting this idea, is the scientific fact that when we look at the stuff our world is made of — tiny quantum particles such as an electron, for example — the very act of us watching that electron changes the way it behaves in our (11) ... . What’s more, the longer we look, the more it changes! (Nature, Feb. 26, 1998) Princeton University (12) ... John Wheeler suggests that we not only play a role in the creation of our everyday world, but we play the prime role in what he calls a “(13) ... universe.” “The old word ‘observer,’” he says, “simply has to be crossed off the books…and we must put in the new word ‘participator!” In a participatory universe, you and I are part of the (14) ... . In other words, we are like artists expressing our deepest passions, fears, dreams, and desires through the living essence of a mysterious quantum canvas. Through our artist’s palette of beliefs, judgments, emotions, and (15) ... , we find ourselves in relationships, jobs, and situations that play out with different people in different places. What a beautiful, bizarre, and (16)... concept. |
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SKILL FOCUS – EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE
A. Read the text below and decide which answer (A-D) best fits each gap:
The existence of life depends on a number of broad physical (1) … : a long-lived universe that is not too violent or chaotic, a supply of certain chemical elements, and a (2) … of energy such as a star that remains (3) … of billions of years. It has been discovered that these things depend rather sensitively on the form of the laws of physics and the cosmological (4) … conditions. The fact that even very small changes in some of the (5) … of physics and cosmology would prove (6) … is often referred to as “fine tuning” by analogy with tuning a radio. Rather than accepting this “fine tuning” as a lucky (7) … , many scientists would prefer to have an explanation. A popular theory for these fine-tunings is that the observed universe is just a (8) … of a vast collection of universes known as the multiverse, in which each universe possesses a different set of laws. Only in those universes where the laws are, by chance, suitable for life, will life (9)… . A criticism of the multiverse theory is the need for a universegenerating mechanism, which would have to (10) … according to unexplained meta-laws at the multiverse level. So although the multiverse theory goes some way to addressing the puzzling bio-friendliness of the universe, it merely pushes the (11) … problem up a level, from life-encouraging laws in the universe, to unexplained meta-laws in the multiverse. The only escape from this tower of turtles problem is to (12) … the traditional concept of physical laws as eternal, immutable, transcendent, infinitely-precise mathematical relationships.
1. A preconditions B presupposition C presumptions D preloadings
2. A cause B source C spring D font
3. A constant B established C committed D stable
4. A initial B initializing C initialized D initious
5. A factors B parameters C issues D restrictions
6. A deadly B mortal C poisonous D lethal
7. A accident B coincidence C correlation D correspondence
8. A part B fragment C piece D portion
9. A emerge B become C come out D begin
10. A operate B do C drive D act
11. A critical B crucial C ultimate D supreme
12. A leave B abandon C end D cancel
B. In most lines of this text, there is either a spelling or punctuation error. For each line, write the correctly spelled word, or show the correct punctuation in the space beside the text. Indicate correct lines with a tick:
Are We Really Alone in the Universe?
Oxygen and water are nesessary for life. Our planet, Earth, has both. Venus is too hot for life and Mars is to cold. But the temperature on Earth is just right. So, is Earth the only planet in our sollar system with life? People have wondered about it for centuries. Some have watched the skies and seen unindentifined flying objects (UFOs). Some even say they have met alients from other worlds. At one time people thought there was life on the moon and a little green men on Mars. For many years some people thought Venus, was a natural garden because it is green. Some scientists thought there was life in the clauds over Jupiter. Today we know these assumptions are not truth. Earth seems to be the only planet in our solar system with life. But we will continue to wonder: ‘Are we really alone?’ |
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C. Find all the proper nouns in the text below and capitalize them (25 changes to be made):