100. Change of word order (inversion; detachment of sentence members). Transposition of sentence meaning (rhetoric questions, etc.).

Detachment ~ обособление'

Detached - обособленный Inversion —инверсия

Rhetoric question [' retarik] - риторический вопрос

Inversion is the syntactic phenomenon of intentional changing word order of the initial sentence model.

It is important to distinguish between grammatical and stylistic types of inversion. Grammatical inversion is just, a technical means of forming different types of questions therefore it doesn’t contain any stylistic information. Stylistic inversion is such a change of word-order which gives logical stress or emotional colouring to the language units placed in an unusual syntactic positioa Stylistic inversion is typical of the predicate, predicative and all the secondary parts of the sentence:

In came Jack (predicate)

Insolent Connor's conduct was. (predicative)

Little chances Bennv had, (direct object)

To her family Martha gives all her time, (indirect object).

A bright serene May it was (attribute).

To the disco Hilda went, (adverbial modifier)

When placed in a certain syntactic position, a sentence component may seem formally independent of the word it refers to. Such components of sentence *

structure are called "detached": There was a nice girl there; I liked her name, Linda. Brian came into the room, very much flushed and rather unsteady in his mL

Any secondary part of the sentence may become detached; Talent Mr. Micawber has, capital Fr. Micawber has not. (direct object). It was indeed, to Forsyte eves. an odd house, (indirect object). Gordon was stubbornly crawling to the place of his destination inch by inch - like a caterpillar, (adverbial modifier).

Detachment results in logical emphasis of the components of sentence structure.

Rhetoric questions. Contextual environment of a language unit may change its initial meaning. A typical case of contextual transposition of meaning is rhetoric questions. In fact, rhetoric questions are not questions but affirmative or negative statements put into the interrogative shape. A rhetoric question needs no answer, because the answer to it is quite obvious: Why should I do it? Means (/ shouldn't do it). What could I do in a case like that? Means (I could do nothing in a case like that).

A rhetoric question increases the expressiveness of speech. It is used in oratory style with the aim to catch the attention of the audience and make the sequential sentences sound persuasive and significant

There are some more varieties of contextual transposition of meaning

1. Exclamatory sentences with inversion: Much he knew about it! = He did not know much about it.

2. Negative sentences implying emphatic affirmation: I’ll hang myself if it isn't Bamev Woods who did it! — It is Bam Woods who did it

3. Syntactic structures of the type "Me a liar?" (I am not a liar).

4. Syntactic structures with Subjunctive mood forms; 1 wish I had noi d „ I had done it.

Questions for discussion:

1. Speak about the function of stylistic inversion

2. Analyze the stylistic function of inversion.

3. Define the main types of transposition of sentence meaning (rhetoric questions and etc.)-

VIII, STYLISTICS AND TRANSLATION

Appurtenance [s'paitmans] - принадлежность Coherent [ksu'hisrsnt] - понятный Comprehensible^ kompi'henssbl] - постижимый Correspondences - соответствия Incoherent [jnkau'hisrsnt] — бессвязный To preserve [prl'zs:v] — сохранить

Stylistic aspects of translation — стилистические аспекты перевода

и

Stylistic features - стилистические особенности Source text— исходный текст (оригинал)

Stylistic transformations - стилистические преобразования

Target language [' to.: git] - язык, на который оtyuf ествляется перевод

Speaking of rendering stylistic peculiarities of the text under translation, it is necessary to point out two stylistic aspects of translation:

1) While translating a text into the native language a student should preserve those stylistic features of the original that manifest the appurtenance of the source text to a certain functional style. It should be noted though that the text of translation must also correspond .to the requirements of the given functional