Air traffic control

1. What is the function of the Tower?

(The tower issues information to aircraft under its control to achieve a safe, prevent colisions )

2. What is a manoeuvring area used for?

(Used for take off , landing and taxying of aircraft, excluding aprons)

3. How can the Aerodrome Control be subdivided?

(Air Control and GMC-ground movement control)

4. What kind of information is broadcast on ATIS frequency?

(Atis broadcasts continuous information on QNH , runway in use, wind direction and speed , temperature)

5. How is the traffic circuit divided? How many parts does the traffic circuit have?

(the curcuit devided into four legs: crosswind, downwind, base and final approach)

6. What is the standard circuit-joining procedure?

(Is to arrive overhead the field at 2000 ft and descend to 1000 ft on the dead side)

7. What is an orbit?

(360 turn)

8. What do you know about the vortex wake? Why may it be dangerous?

(This is a rapidly moving cylinder of air from each wingtip. It can be dangerous fo following aircraft)

9. How can fuel burn be minimized on ground?

(Aircraft on IFR flight plans should firs require premission to start engines so that ATC can warn of any delays and thus minimize fuel burn)

10. What are SIDs designed for?

(are designed to minimize conflict between arriving and departing aircraft)

11. What does ACC stand for? Decribe the ACC’s basic function.

(The ACCs basic function is to separate aircraft using horizontal and / or vertical sepa­ration, either by procedural methods or with the aid of radar.)

12. What is squawk/SSR code?

( is allocated in accordance with a predetermined system)

13. Define procedural separation. How is it achieved?

(by calculating time the AFT pass each reporting point in advance)

14. Why does an ATC controller need actual time over each reporting point?

( the actual time over each reporting point is monitored by the controller and compared(сравнивается) with the pre calculated figure to ensure that the requaried time separation from a preceding aircraft is being maintained)

15. What is route clearance based on?

(The ACC issues route clearancec based on the information in filed Flight Plans )

16. What kind of information does advisory service issue?

(advisory service does not issue clearances but only advisory information and it uses the words "advise" or "suggest")

17. In what case may an ADR revert to full airway status?

(when crossing a national or FIR/UIR boundary)

19. What does Approach Control ensure? At what point is AFT transferred from Area to Approach Control?

(it ensures that IFR aircraft arrive in sequence(упорядоченная последовательность) and that VFR traffic is to a position from which it can join visual curcit without confliction with IFR traffic. At a specified release point , a position. Or level agreed on the telephone by the two controllers)

20. Why is it necessary to put AFT into the holding pattern?

(In busy traffic situation)

21. Where are holding patterns published?

(In navigation chatrts or approach plates)

22. What is the decision height?

( is the level at which the pilot on a precision approach (точныйьзаход на посадку) must carry out a missed approach(заход на второй круг) if he fails to acheve the required visual reference to continue the approach to a landing)

23. Define threshold.(торец впп)

(is a begining of runway used for landing)

24. Decode FIS, ADR, ETA, ETD, EET, EAT, PAR, TW.

(Flight Information Service, Advisory Route, Estimated Time of Ariwall, Estimated Time of Depature,Estimated Elapses Time, Expected Approach Time, Precision Approach Radar, Taxi Way)

25. What ATC units control AFT flying en route?(ACC)

26. Which AFT is the priority given to?

27. What is Expected Approach Time?

(This indicates to a pilot that if he has a radio failure he must not commence an instrument approach until this specific time to allow preceding aircraft to descend and land )

28. What is STAR?

( is a route or track by which aircraft should preside from en route phase to approach )

AIR LAW

1. What is the airspace division?

(FIR/UIR)upper

2. What do the boundaries of FIR/UIR normally follow?

(geographicqal state borders)

3. In what cases FIR’s boundaries assume straight lines?

(Over international waters and parts of the world having good relations with their neighbours they are able to assume straight lines in accordance with ICAO recomendation.)

4. Where does each FIR/UIR take its name?

(from an important city or country)

5. How is airspace subdivided within the FIR structure?

(according to the amount and type of aeronautical activity)

6. What are the categories of airspace?

(Controlled and uncontrolled)

7. Define controlled airspace. Why is it established?

(to protect the departure, arrival and holding paths of the IFR flights)

8. What is controlled airspace made up of?

(it is made up of various aerodrome Controll Zones (CTR),Terminal Control Areas(TMA), Control Areas and Airways (CTA)

9. What is CTR? Its dimensions.