6.3 Прочитайте текст и выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. D.Ricardo made a fortune

   1. on the London Stock Exchange;

   2. in the Parliament’s House of Commons;

   3. serving the British government.

Правильный ответ: a

2. Ricardo developed the principle of

   1. competitive advantage;

   2. conspicuous consumption;

   3. comparative advantage.

Правильный ответ: c

3. Ricardo argued that it is more profitable for Portugal

   1. to produce both wine and cloth;

   2. to specialize in the production of cloth;

   3. to specialize in the production of wine and import English cloth.

Правильный ответ: c

4. The policy of free trade led to 70 years of

   1. economic recession;

   2. economic growth;

   3. stagnation.

Правильный ответ: b

6.4 Дополните выражения из текста предлогами.

1. famous in international economics for demonstrating

2. the advantages of free trade

3. tariffs and other barriers to trade between nations are removed

4. exchange products with one another

5. x barrels of wine are equal to y yards of cloth

6. to specialize in the production of wine

7. to obtain wine in exchange for 100 worker years of labor

6.5 Найдите в тексте слова со сходным значением.

1. to amass a fortune – to make a for tune

2. noted - influential

3. to manufacture – to produce

4. product - goods

5. to leave completely – to abandon

6. fabric - cloth

7. to accept a policy – to adept a policy

8. idea, principle - concept

6.6 Дайте развернутые ответы на вопросы в письменной форме.

1. How does the principle of comparative advantage work?

Ricardo explcuined the comparative adwentage using Portugal and England. These countries produced wine and cloth. Portugal could produce X barrels of wine in a year useng 80 workers, England could produce the same X barrels of wine in a year using 120 English workers.

90 Portuguese workers could produce Y yerds of cloth in a year. It took 100 English workers to produce Y yards of cloth.

Ricardo said, that Portugal could produce both wine and cloth more efficiently that Engkand. But trading with England, Portugal coyld obtain as much cloth for 80 worker-years as it would take 90 worker-years to produce themselves. So Portugal specialized in the production of. England would also benefit. By specializing in cloth it would be able to obtain wine in exchange for 100 worker-years of labor rather than 120.

2. What products that your region produces can demonstrate the principle of comparative advantage?

Rostov region - one of the largest agricultural regions of the Russian Federation. Agricultural production involved more than 2 thousand agricultural enterprises, more than 13,500 peasant farms, 2,000 entrepreneurs. More than 540,000 private farms produce a large proportion of meat, milk and vegetables.

Agricultural lands occupy 8.5 million ha of arable land - 5,8 million ha, including irrigated 241 thousand share of the Rostov region in Russia a total area of farmland is 3.9%. In fertility of arable land area occupies 10 th place among the other subjects of the Russian Federation. Soil and climatic conditions of the region, despite the recurrent droughts, are favorable for agricultural production.

Rostov region - among the leaders in Russia's gross grain and sunflower seeds. Promising areas of agricultural areas also include: pond fish farming, livestock production, vegetables, processing selhozhproduktsii followed by bringing to the consumer.

The share of the Rostov region accounts for about 20% of production agriculture in the Southern Federal District.

Over 60% of the gross output of agriculture is the industry's crop. Its development is based on improving the culture of agriculture, introduction of energy-saving technologies, new varieties and hybrids of cereals, oil crops, improving the efficiency of agricultural land use.

Grain direction in the plant is of paramount importance. Under grain crops occupied about 60% of the acreage. The main crops - winter wheat. Widespread crops of barley, maize, millet, rice, buckwheat, peas, soybeans. The leading industrial crop is sunflower. Yield of grain crops each year on average 5-6 million tons, sunflower - up to 1,5 million tons.

Rostov region supplying corn and sunflower oil in the northern regions and industrial centers of the country. In addition, it is the largest exporter of agricultural products and processed products. Grain exports to foreign markets is more than 4 million tons per year, sunflower oil more than 300 thousand tons.

Thus, agricultural products can demonstrate the principle of comparative advantage in the Rostov region, because their production requires a lower cost then compared with other regions.

ТЕСТОВОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ ПО ЧТЕНИЮ №2