Test yourself

1. A major goal of geology is knowledge of conditions, relations, processes, and events under the earth’s … .

a) core b) structure c) surface c) mantle

2 Much of the world’s petroleum is associated with … sediments.

a) shallow-water marine b) igneous c) considerable d) plentiful

3. The industrial civilization depends on the ability of trained geologists … where petroleum can be found.

a) to predict b) to establish c) to cause d) to observe

4 Igneous rocks are almost surely more … than any other kind in the crust of the earth.

a) ultimate b) abundant c) evident d) widespread

5. The particles that make up each rock are mineral … .

a) pebbles b) pores c) deposits d) grains

5. The … and the accompanying gases are the two important ingredients in all volcanic eruptions.

1. mud b) molten rock c) patterns of sand d) silty limestone

5. … is the main ingredient of commercial Portland cement.

1. Sandstone b) Limestone c) Mud d) Calcium carbonate

5. Because the accumulation of sediment is almost never a … process, most sedimentary rocks are stratigraphic.

1. continuing b) steady c) ultimate d) violent

5. Organic and chemical sediments vary greatly in … .

a) shapes b) sizes c) volumes c) compositions

10 Anticlines and domes are the most obvious oil … and were the first to be recognized.

a) faults b) traps c) rocks d) remains

11 The throw of a growth fault tends to … with depth on account of the thickness contrast across it.

a) decrease b) be formed c) take place d) increase

12 Other diagenetic processes may considerably reduce porosity and … .

a) permeability b) density c) throw d) compaction

13 Sedimentary basins are growth … on a large scale.

a) dimension b) hiatus c) structures d) barriers

14 The first well drilled to a prospect is an exploration well, sometimes called … .

a) a beam well b) a dead well c) a wildcat d) a twin well

15 An oil or gas field begins as an anomaly on a map, revealed by regional geological and geophysical … .

a) explanation b) investigation c) indications d) surveys

16 The common occurrence of bituminous limestones may … early recrystallization that traps the products of organic diagenesis in the rock.

a) indicate b) require c) reduce d) preserve

17 The diagenesis takes place during burial, under the influences of …, time, and pressure.

a) cold b) water c) energy d) heat

18 The kinds of … remains at successive levels in the rocks are markedly and systematically different.

a) pure b) organic c) marine d) muddy

19 …of the sedimentary rocks around and above diapers and incipient diapers creates potential petroleum traps.

a) Texture b) Permeability c) Velocity d) Deformation

20 The mechanical properties of the diapiric material … with time and position.

a) occur b) change c) initiate d) follow