3. Переведите текст со словарём.

4. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: производить/ генерировать; совокупный национальный

доход; принадлежать; успех, неудача; соответствовать; эффективные производители.

5.Вставьте в предложения подходящие по смыслу слова: predict

1. The economists can … the growth of unemployment.

2. … considers economy in all its relations.

3. The company didn’t make … profit last year.

TEXT VI

What is Economics?

Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Political economy was the earlier term for the subject, but in the latter 19th century it was called 'economics' as a shorter term for 'economic science'. This term helps also to avoid a political-interest connotation and is similar in form to 'mathematics', 'ethics', and so forth. . Common distinctions are between various dimensions of economics. The study of markets and other ways of organizing production of goods and services is an important task of economics.

Economics aims to explain how economies work and how economic agents interact. Economists usually study the choices of an individual, a family, or a business separately, rather than grouping all of these choices together. There are three main approaches to economics: microeconomics, macroeconomics, and development economics. Among them there are money economics, industrial economics, international economics, agricultural economics, etc. Like many others sciences, economics uses models to understand economic problems. A model often helps an economist to make correct predictions. The economist usually follows several rules when he makes a model of economic behavior. First, a model usually includes only essential elements and relationships of a particular economic situation. Second, if there are two different models of one phenomenon, an economist always chooses the model that predicts the results of a particular phenomenon more accurately. Third, although models are helpful in economic analysis, an economist always studies the actual economic situation before he makes decisions. It is also necessary to collect and study actual data in order to know how accurate the model is.

Задания к тексту VI

1.Прочтите слова и словосочетания и запомните их значения: consumption – потребление, term for –термин для обозначения, political-interest connotation - подоплёка политического интереса, economic agents –субъекты рыночных отношений, , rather – точнее/пристальней, , approach – подход, distinctions – различия, goods – товар, dimension - направление, prediction - прогнозирование, behavior – движение, развитие, accurately – точно, helpful – целесообразный, actual – фактический, data –данные, in order to – для того, чтобы.

2.Определите значение следующих слов, не пользуясь словарём: social, analyze, political economy, service, model, problem, rule, element, situation, phenomenon.

3. Переведите текст со словарём.

4. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: социальная наука, политическая экономия, термин для, избегать, задача, цель экономики, раздельно, следовать правилам, необходимо.

5.Вставьте в предложения подходящие по смыслу слова: profit and losses production, enterprises

1. There are a few big … in this region.

2. This … process requires some water.

3. … of the firm are analyzed by managers.

TEXT VII

The distribution of Wealth in the USA

Wealth is the abundance of valuable resources or material possessions. An individual, community, region or country that has an abundance of such possessions or resources is known as wealthy. There is no universally agreement upon definition of wealth. At the most general level, economists may define wealth as "anything of value”. Although precise data are not available, the total wealth in the world has been estimated at $125 trillion in year 2000. About 90% of global wealth is distributed in North America, Europe, and "rich Asia-Pacific" countries (not including India), and 1% of adults are estimated to hold 40% of world wealth. Wealth in the United States is commonly measured in terms of net worth, which is the sum of all assets, including home equity minus all liabilities. Great disparity exists in the distribution of wealth. About 25% of all households have no assets or wealth at all. The next 30% have a net worth between $5,000 and $50,000. These usually include equity in a home, insurance, a car and savings. The next 35% have assets worth $50,000 to $250,000. At this level stocks and bonds are valid. About 20% of Americans own securities. The top 10% have assets worth over $250,000, among them only the top2% of Americans have a net worth of over a million dollars.

Задания к тексту VII

1.Прочтите слова и словосочетания и запомните их значения: distribution- распределение, wealth – богатство, abundance –изобилие, define –определять, precise data - точные данные, total – совокупное , distribute – распространять, estimate – оценивать, net worth –чистая прибыль, equity -средства, liability – долг, disparity – диспропорция, неравенство, savings - сбережения, stock - акция, bond - облигация, securities – ценные бумаги.

2.Определите значение следующих слов, не пользуясь словарём: material, individual, region, trillion, global, minus, million dollars.