Information analysis - convert document (s) in order to extract from it the most important information (text component) - words, phrases, fragments.

Synthesis of information - a generalization, association, evaluation of the result of synthesis of information in order to obtain the so-called secondary documents for various applications (abstract, reviews, essays, and reports. Etc.).

The concepts of primary and secondary document

Primary document - a document containing the results of direct scientific, technical, educational and other activities. Secondary document - a document that is the result of analytical and synthetic processing of one or more source documents.

Gathering information on the subject to get used to combine the analysis of reading, accustoming himself to the critical and creative perception. First, it turns hard, but gradually becomes a habit.

Using the machine references and quotations

In the history of the problem and review of the literature it is important to clearly distinguish between their own and other people's, and correctly use the device references and citations.

For example, some quite inexperienced authors received from the head of the list of recommended reading, simply write out of it, all that has to be engaged in their subject, rewrite entire pages without even mentioning the source, caring only about some connection and smooth presentation. Call it plagiarism, perhaps impossible, because it is a school assignment, but nothing to do with the scientific work is also not has it - not even the notes, but simply "cheating." Synopsis involves some processing, at least in the direction of reducing, and an indication of the source. The ability to write notes also requires development and training.

Another type of violation of the principle of separation of "own" and "alien" called "Solitaire others' opinions" on a "so and so said such-and-so - that." Instead of reviewing the background, revealing the development of knowledge, it turns just a set of statements that can testify to what the literature and the author became acquainted with some diligence, but no more.

The first type ("cheating") shows ignorance and bad faith. In the second case ("Solitaire") begins somewhat lost when meeting with great literature and it often creates a certain inferiority complex: instead of critically comprehend what they read, it is inappropriate quotes various authors, not daring to express their views, and sometimes not trying to formulate it.

This approach does not enrich science. Those who do so, they forget that the novelty of the study may not be a new combination of already written by others. This is called compiling. Students often justify excessive quoting that "it is better not tell." However, the result of such an argument means admit their helplessness. In addition, the abundance of quotations often difficult to read, leading to divergent stylistic and terminological.

Another reason for excessive quoting is misunderstood decency. The student is afraid that he was not accused of plagiarism, and also believes that the abundance of quotations suggests great erudition. Meanwhile, scientific ethics require more, namely the correct placement of each new study in the general flow of traffic science, information and usefulness of each of the usefulness of information inclusion of only those links and quotes that this inclusion contribute.

The reader should be allowed not only to understand the above, but most, if desired, and continue to engage interested in his subject, and to do this it must be correctly oriented. The author should keep in mind not only their own interests, but primarily for the benefit of science.

Abuse of quotations - the disease is very common. And yet, the citation shall be justified. Useful, for example, quoted definition as to join them, and in order to compete with them. In most cases, it is useful to tell someone else's idea in your own words, and only refer to the source of that, of course, does not mean that you can just remove the quotes. In critical cases, you can afford to quote because some thought it precisely formulated. But the abuse of such quotations also undesirable. The degree of relevance of citations depends on its place in the composition. They are widely used in the background, but not desired in the research part and completely out of place in the conclusions.

There are times when a quote is needed for debate, if the author does not agree with someone else's opinion. You quote the exact words of the opponent, in order to refute his statement. In such cases, however, the augmented care not to distort the opponent's thoughts, snatching them out of context.