30.30. What is pylorospasm?

Pylorospasm is spastic conteraction of pyloric part of stomachone of forms of dyskinesia of stomach of hypertonic type.

It is observed at newborns at first weeks and months of life.

They think that pylorospasm at children is caused by disorders of nerve-muscular apparatus of pyloric part of stomach. It mostly meets at excited children that suffer from hypoxia, with symptoms ob birth trauma of central nervus system.

In case of pylorospasm we can see poor development of cardial part of stomach muscles and more expressed its development at pyloric part. It furthers easy development of vomiting and belch.

30.31. Name reasons and importance of hypotonic dyskinesia of stomach

Decreasing of motor activities of stomach can be caused by

1. alimentary factors (fatty food);

2. decreasing of gastric secretion (hypoacid gastritis);

3. decreasing of tonus of nervus vagus;

4. influence of hormones that suppress motorics of stomach - gastroinhibitory peptide, secretine etc;

5. deleting of pyloric part of stomach;

6. general weakening of the organism, exhausion, gastroptosis.

In case of hypotonic dyskinesia time of presence of food in stomach is decreased, that causes disorder of its digestion. Influence of undigested components of food into receptors of mucous layer causes increasing of its peristaltics and diarrhea.

30.32. There are some types of pathologic gastric secretion:

1) excitement type. It is characterized by increasing of gastric secretion caused by mechanic and chemical stimules.

2) asthenic type. It is manifestated as increasing of gastric secretion on mechanic influences and decreasing on chemical.

3. inert type. Gastric secretion is decreased in case of influence of mechanic stimules and increased in case of chemical.

4. braking type .It is characterized by decreasing of gastric secretion on mechanic and chemical stimules.

They distinguish gastric hypersecretion and hyposecretion depending on qualities and quantity of gastric juice

30.33. How is gastric hypersecretion manifestated? What is its importance?

Gastric hypersecretion is characterized by:

1. increasing of quantity of gastric juice in full and empty stomach

2. hyperaciditas and hyperchlorhydria - increasing of general acidity and concentration of free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice;

3. increasing of digestive ability of gastric juice.

Disorders of digestion connected with gastric hypertension are caused by long delay of contents in stomach (pylorus is closed because neutralization of very acidic contents that enters duodenum needs much time). It causes such consequences:

1. few contents enter to intestines, it causes decreasing of intestinal peristaltics and development of constipation.

2. processes of fermentation and formation of gases increase in stomach

3. motor activities of stomach increases - hypertonus and hyperkynesis of its muscles develops.

30.34. How can gastric hypersecretion be modelated in experiment?

Increasing of secretion and formation of gastric juice is modelated with such influences

I. influences on neural mechanisms of regulation of gastric secretion:

1. stimulation of receptors of gastric mucous membrane

2. decreasing of braking influences of cortex of brain into centers of nervus vagus- method of knocking down by I. Pavlov (see question 30.5)

3. electric stimulation of centers of nervus vagus. or its efferent fibres that innervate stomach

4. injecting of m-holinomimetics

II. influence on humoral mechanisms of regulation of gastric secretion

1. injecting of histamine or medicines that stimulate its formation

2. injecting of gastrine

3. injecting of medicines that stimulate H₂receptors (acetylsalicylic acid, indometacine)

4. depression of formation of prostaglandines, that oppress secretion of hydrochloric acid. For this effect must be injected glucocorticoids or acetylsalicylic acid.