30.42. What is the manifestation of gastric hyposecretion? What is its importance?

Gastric hyposecretion is manifestate with:

1. Decreasing of quantity of gastric juice on empty and full stomach;

2. Decreasing or absence of acidity of gastric juice (hypoaciditas, or anaciditas) decreasing or absence of free hydrochloric acid in it (hypochlorhydria, or achlorhydria);

3. Decreasing of digestive ability of gastric juice, including achilia (full stop of hydrochloric acid and enzymes production).

Decreasing of gastric secretion causes disorders of digestion at all digestive canal. That causes it in conditions of decreased formation of gastric juice pylorus is opened and gastric contents quickly goes to duodenum, where conditions are alkali, because of absence of hydrochloric acid which must enter from stomach. This circumstance breaks formation of secretine and secretion of pancreatic juice decreases, processes of cavity digestion in intestines are violated. Undigested components of food irritate receptors of mucous membrane of intestines, that causes increasing of its peristaltic - diarrhea develop.

Also absence of hydrochloric acid causes activation of reproduction of microorganisms and manifestation of belch, covered tongue and others.

30.43. How can gastric hyposecretion be modelated in experiment?

1. Influence on neural mechanisms of regulation of gastric secretion:

1. blockade of receptors of mucous membrane of stomach;

2. cutting of nervus vagus or its branches (selective vagotomy);

3. using of ganglioblockers (n-holinolytics);

4. using of m-holinolytics.

2. Influence on endocrine regulation of mechanisms of formation and secretion of gastric juice

1. blockade of H₂-receptors, for example by cymetidine.

2. using of gastrine antagonists - secretine, gastroingibiting peptide and others.

30.44. What are the reasons of pancreatic hypersecretion? How it can manifestate?

Increasing of formation and secretion of pancreatic juice (pancreatic hypersecretion) can be caused by:

1. increasing of tonus of parastympatic nervous system (nervus vagus)

2. increasing of formation and secretion gastrointestinal hormones, that stimulate secretion of water and hydrocarbonates in structure of pancreatic juice (secretine) and hormones, that increase quantity of digestive enzymes in it 9cholecystokinine-pancreosemine)

Increasing of pancreatic secretion improves processes of cavity digestion, but in some conditions can further development of acute pancreatitis.

30.45. What is acute pancreatitis? What is its etiology?

Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of pancreas that is characterized by acute character.

Its formation and development can be caused by such factors:

1. hearty feeding of fats;

2. abuse alcohol and overfeeding;

3. bile stones and polyps in pancreatic duct;

4. mechanical injury of pancreas in case of trauma and surgical operation;

5. infections (virus of epidemic parotitis, Coxaci, bacterial infection)

6. intoxication, including influence of some medicines (immunedepressants, tyasides and others).