- •Part II
- •Put the missing prepositions into the questions. Ask them your partner:
- •Match the headings with their extracts.
- •The changing expectations of automotive engineers
- •Here are the answers to some questions. What are the questions?
- •Put each of the following words or phrases in correct sentence below.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles. Translate the sentences.
- •Tick the verbs which go with each form of transport:
- •Complete the table below with the nouns in the box. Some can go into more than one column.
- •Complete the table with these phrases used to talk about the future. Can you add any more?
- •Now use the phrases from Exercise 1 to discuss these statements in small groups.
- •The car of the future
- •Are these sentences about the text true (t) or false (f)?
- •Find words and expressions in the text which match these definitions:
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles:
- •Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verb in brackets:
- •Put the verb into the correct tense form in Passive.
- •Prepare a report or presentation of your own, describing the car of the future. Try to think about a new model of your own. You may also use drawings and pictures.
- •Alternative vehicles
- •Answer these questions:
- •Make sure that you know these terms:
- •Match these English phrases with their equivalents in Ukrainian:
- •Match words from the two boxes to make expressions.
- •Now use the expressions above to complete the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Complete the following sentences with Modal Verbs:
- •Match the words and phrases to the correct headings.
- •A car safety programme
- •Try to answer these questions asked by people in the audience.
- •Put the safety features into the correct column. Which of these safety features does your or your parents’ car have?
- •Use the words in the box to complete the flow chart.
- •Complete the text about car recalls with words from the box below. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Match the questions (1 – 7) with their answers (a – g):
- •Imagine you are a transport consultant brought in to advise it on how to make cars safer. Prepare and deliver a presentation of your recommendations to the representatives of the design department.
- •Airbags
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Make sure that you know these terms:
- •Fill the missing words in. The first one has been done for you. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Complete the adjectives with –ed or –ing. Make some sentences of your own using them.
- •Read and translate this extract in written form:
- •Rewrite the sentences with a participle clause instead of a relative one.
- •Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
- •Sensors and the automobile
- •Complete the sentences with the information from the text:
- •Make sure that you know these terms:
- •Which instrument shows you:
- •Match each abbreviation with its meaning:
- •Translate the following extract in written form: a cockpit for business class
- •Complete the sentences with a verb from the box in its participle form.
- •What are your predictions for the next ten years for instruments and switches of the car? Prepare a short report or presentation.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Make sure that you know these terms:
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Match each column of the English words with its Ukrainian equivalent.
- •Translate these sentences into Ukrainian. Find the Infinitive and state its function.
- •Do you think the materials are clever, fashionable or formal? Read the text about ‘Smart materials’ and check. Smart materials
- •Choose the correct answer:
- •Complete the following sentences with words from the box:
- •Work with your partner. Choose one of the smart materials in the text. Think of five interesting ways it could be used. Compare your ideas with other students. Automotive materials
- •Complete the sentences with the information from the text:
- •Find a better and cheaper way to produce parts and the auto industry takes notice! For example, hydroformed parts offer weight, design and cost advantages over stampings.
- •Prepare a short report or presentation to tell your group mates about different materials and their usage in automobile industry. Try to find as original information as possible.
Rewrite the sentences with a participle clause instead of a relative one.
Can you see the woman who’s dressed in red over there?
Can you see the woman dressed in red over there?
People who live in blocks of flats often complain of loneliness.
_________________________________________________
Letters that are posted before 5p.m. should arrive the next day.
__________________________________________________
The train that is standing on platform 5 is for Manchester.
______________________________________________
Firemen have rescued passenger4s who were trapped in the accident.
______________________________________________________
They live in a lovely house that overlooks the River Thames.
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It took workmen days to clear up the litter that was dropped by the crowds.
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Prepare a short report or presentation to persuade your group mates that the model of car you like most of all is the safest in the world. Act out a meeting to negotiate automatic emergency braking, seat belts, airbags, ABS and other safety features.
LESSON 31
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Transport is an important part of life.
Drivers who have just passed their test should have learner plates on their car for the first six months.
Driving and drinking should be strictly against the law.
Safety features like ABS are dangerous – they give drivers a false sense of security and encourage them to take more risks.
Drivers should be required to have headlights on during the day.
Transport is a push to economic activities.
Kyiv city transport system is better than London one.
Life would be impossible without transport.
People shouldn’t be required to wear seat belts in cars with airbags.
Car manufacturers could make cars much safer if they wanted to.
Sensors and the automobile
In the 1960s, vehicles were equipped with oil pressure, fuel level and temperature coolant sensors. Their outputs were connected to analogue gauges or "idiot" lights. As we entered the 1970s and emissions became a driving factor, more sensors were added to help control the power train. With the addition of the catalytic converter, electronic ignition and fuel injection a number of sensors came required to help maintain tight air/fuel control and exhaust emissions. In 1980s, safety became a factor with antilock brakes and airbags.
Today sensors are everywhere. In the power train area, sensors are used to measure the temperature and pressure of most of the fluids (air temperature, manifold absolute pressure, coolant temperature, and fuel injection pressure). Speed and position sensors are connected to most moving parts (vehicle speed, throttle position, camshaft, crankshaft, transmission shift position, valve position and transmission speed sensors). Others measure knock, engine load, engine misfire and oxygen level in the exhaust. Climate control requires the use of various sensors in the air conditioning system to determine refrigerant pressure and temperature and interior air temperature.
Sensors have been added to the interior to determine seat position. With the addition of antilock braking and suspension control a number of sensors have been added to determine wheel speed, ride height and tire pressure. As airbags were added for frontal and side impact, more crash sensors and accelerometers were added to control airbag deployment. As the concern for front seat passengers has grown so has the need for sensors to determine if the passenger airbag needs to deploy.
Occupant position sensors, passenger weight sensors and others have been developed to ensure the correct deployment of the front passenger airbag. Other sensors are being added as car manufacturers add side impact bags, roof airbags and sophisticated side impact head protection airbags.
As engineers have moved beyond antilock braking and traction control into electronic stability control, more sensors are required. Yaw rate, steering wheel angle and collision avoidance sensors, such as radar sensors or sensors to determine the proximity of other vehicles, will be added. Additional sensors to help control or determine lateral acceleration speed of each wheel and engine torque will be needed.
Control of the vehicle's braking system is tied into the stability control system. The first oil pressure and coolant temperature sensors were set up to work independently of each other. In fact some of them were nothing more than switches that were activated at certain maximum or minimum levels. As more sensors become electronic or digital, they are interconnected and their output is used for more than one vehicle system. Thus sensor manufacturers are searching for better ways to design and manufacture sensors.