Venice — La Serenissima.

For these two days Vanessa became Frank's and Bill's guide, showing them places in Venice. These were small, 63

unique art galleries, museums and churches off the beaten track, shops where the best bargains were to be had, popular eating places favoured by Venetians in the know. "Shall we take a gondola up the Grand Canal, Vanessa? It's still the most spectacular trip, isn't it?" Bill asked, feeling a sudden rush of happiness surging up in him. "Absolutely. And I'd love it. It's ages since I've done it myself, and I guess the Grand Canal personifies Venice, doesn't it? Besides, I find gondolas a very relaxing way to travel."

They sat with their backs to the gondolier, who was in the prow. Now they were facing St. Mark's Basin, the vast expanse of water that rolled up to the quay. The gondola slid slowly up the Grand Canal, past the ancient palazzos, full of priceless treasures, works of art by the great masters. The houses were built on stilts, just as Venice itself was built on pilings pounded into the sand, silt, and rock centuries ago. Sinking, Vanessa thought, with a shudder, they say it's sinking. And it was, very slowly, even though some of the rot had been stopped. How terrible if it all sinks. What a tragedy that would be. Directly in front of them now were the island of San Giorgio, the Church of the Salute, and the Dogana, the three pearl buildings to the entrance of Venice, which were turning golden in the late afternoon sunlight. "The light of Turner," Bill said, "and the sky has gone a peculiar yellow, the yellow which Turner captured so perfectly on canvas. I've always loved the paintings he did of Venice." Fading sunlight caught the cupolas of the Basilica, giving the pink, terra-cotta, ocher, and powdery yellow a dusky, golden cast. All these colours of Venice blended in a delicate mix, with just the hint of green here and there. And everywhere the sense of blue ... blues bleeding into watery grays.

Ex. 103. Use the article if necessary.

I. Glancing up, Bill scanned ... sky. It was ... soft, cerulean blue, filled with ... white clouds. There were no ...warplanes in ... sight. ... armored Land Rover came down ... street and came to ... stop next to him. ... driver was ... British journalist, Geoffrey Jackson, ... old friend, who worked for ... Daily Mail. "... explosion came from over there," Jeoffrey said, "Want ... lift?" "Sure do, thanks," Bill replied and hopped into ... Land Rover. As they raced along ... street, Bill said aloud, "It was more than likely ... bomb was lobbed into ... Sarajevo by ... Serbs in ... hills, don't you think?" "Absolutely," Geoffrey agreed, "but we are supposed to leave ... town today. For ... week's relaxation and rest in Italy."

II. ...light in ... piazza was silvery, ... sky leaden, ... faint mist was rising from ... lagoon and ... canals were in ... veil of ... grey on this cold winter's afternoon. Bill walked slowly across ... St. Mark's Square, not caring about ... weather in ... least. It was ... relief to be in ... Venice after ... battlefields of ... Bosnia. ... Venetians loved this city, La Serenissima they called it, this city of ... churches and ... palaces floating on ... water, brimming with ... treasures of ... art and ... architecture. Bill thought it was one of ... most intriguing and evocative places in ... world.

Ex 104. Read the text and comment on the use or on the absence articles. Retell the text.

Bill Fitzgerald, chief foreign correspondent for CHS, the American cable news network, was now a war correspon­dent, and it was his job to bring the news to the people. World news. American news. Business news. Bill Fitzgerald was a renowned newsman, the undoubted star at the Cable News Systems, noted for his measured, accurate but hard-hitting reports from the world's battlefields and troublespots, be it Iran, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel or Iraq. Whenever flare-ups happened, Bill and his crew were right in the thick of it. Feverishly filming, wanting to be graphic, moving, vivid, and hard-hitting.

People trusted him, had confidence in him, and his newscasts had huge success on television. Bill always followed the old journalistic rule of thumb: WHO, WHEN, WHERE, WHAT, and HOW, which had been taught to him by his father, a respected newspaperman. As a newsman Bill could never become involved with the events he was covering. He had to be dispassionate, objective and balanced. Like a bystander, watching in a sense. But sometimes, he couldn't help getting involved. It got to him occasionally, ... the pain, the human suffering. And it was always the innocent who were the most hurt. Wars killed the soul, drained the spirit, and damaged the psyche.

Bill's crew were his cameraman, Mike Williams, and Joe Alonzo, his soundman who had done telecasts to the States with him for many years now. They had met about ten years ago and had been fast friends ever since. And even when they were in different parts of the world, they still stayed in constant touch. They were exceptionally close, shared the same interests and understood each other perfectly, they were usually on the same wavelength.

(after B. Bradford)

Ex. 105. Insert the article if necessary

1.... teachers are like weather, one minute good, one minute bad. 2. Opening ... fridge door, Jake took out ... beer, opened it and drank ... cold beer from ... bottle, enjoying it; ... beer always tasted better from ... bottle. 3. She is on ... diet, so she ordered ... calorie-free dinner.

4. ... evidence of ... happy marriage is when ... husband and ... wife obviously enjoy each other's company. 5. We'd like to have ... wedding in ... fall, in ... early October, just as ... foliage begins to turn yellow. 6. Emma's eyes rested on ... memorandum again. Here was ... opportunity she had been waiting for and she seized it. 7. ... red suits her; she's got ... great style. It's ... special kind of chic only ... French seem to have. 8. ... plane now was climbing up through ... sky, so blue that its clarity hurt ... eyes. It's ... sky from ... Turner painting in ... National Gallery, Emma thought, ... Yorkshire sky on ... spring day when ... wind has driven ... fog from ... moors. 9. He is ... music man and makes ... constant travels from one end of ... globe to ... other. 10. After ... light supper she went to ... bed early. Almost immediately she fell into ... sound sleep, and it was ... dreamless sleep for most of ... night. Then just as ... dawn was breaking she awakened with ... start and sat bolt upright in ... bed.

Ex. 106. Insert the article if necessary

1. My Grandmother was ... true original. Strong of character, she truly ruled our family with ... iron hand. In ... velvet glove, of course. 2. Maxim was at ... centre of her thoughts. He was her world — ... sun, ... moon, ... stars. 3. He had ordered ... chilled white wine; it was ... young wine and it was ... perfect choice. 4. It was ... beautiful night, warm, balmy, gentle. ... ink-black sky was sprinkled with ... stars, and there was ... hazy full moon. 5. "Harrow! That's ... marvellous school! Winston Churchill, ... Prime Minister of England, went to Harrow." 6. I'm looking for ... Miss Rosie. I was told she was ... barmaid here. 7. "Yes," she said in ... soft whisper. "Why, you sound like ... scared little church mouse." 8. ... marmalade is usually made from ... oranges. It is usually eaten for ... breakfast with ... toast. 9. ... woman must be ... genius to create ... good husband. (Balzac) 10. "... Royals" is ... serial, which portraits ... life of ... members of ... Royal Family in ... United Kingdom. 11. It was ... cold Saturday morning at ... beginning of ... month. ... first snap of ... frost was in ... air, after ... mild October of ... Indian-summer weather. But nonetheless, it was ... sparkling day, sunny, with ... bright blue sky.

Ex. 107. Insert the article if necessary

I. It had rained earlier in day and as Maggie left house, she lifted her eyes to sky. Sun was coming out again, and quite suddenly rainbow trembled up there above trees, perfect arc of pink and blue, violet, and yellow. Maggie thought it was good omen. Her mother had been most positive person she had ever known, one who had always believed in pot of gold at end of rainbow, and bluebirds bringing happiness. Mom was eternal optimist, she thought.

II. I lay in bed, staring at clock in dim light of room. I had awakened sooner than I usually did. Although I was early riser, and always had been, I generally slept until six. Sliding out of bed, I went to window, opened blind, and stood peering out. It was still dark, but soon it would be dawn. I let myself drift with my thoughts and felt rush of tears. Blinking them away, I took firm hold of myself and went to bathroom. After pinning up my hair under cap, I took quick shower. Few minutes later, as I toweled myself dry, I found myself glancing at corner of bathtub near taps.

Chapter III.

THE PRONOUN

Personal and Possessive Pronouns

Ex. 108. Read and translate the sentences Comment on the words in bold type.

1. Research shows that one of the most overused words in any language is the word for I. Changing I to me (or vice versa) brings greater variety to your speech and writing. 2. Just between you and me, this course is a disaster. 3. It takes two, me and you, to make a dream come true. 4. Hello! Is that me you are looking for? 5. The relationship between them was often strained. 6. Look at the fish. It is alive! 7. He wanted her to go to a movie with him. 8. — Who is there? — It is I (me). 9. Max loved ice-cream more than she (her). 10. The boss considered the best candidate to be her. 11. My name should come after yours if the list is alphabetical. 12. Will you share your life with mine? 13. Everything I have is yours. 14. The responsibility is hers. 15. You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. 16. Jack and Amelia changed my life, just as I changed theirs. 17. "By the way, Catherine sends her love to you and Pete." — Blanche smiled. "And give her ours."18. Theirs was a true love story. It was a perfect match. 19. I don't want any partners. I want this business to really be mine. 20. Like most people who keep diaries, Judy usually writes in hers each evening. 21. Is there any place for me in this heart of yours, Susan? 22. The future is yours, don't let them take it from you.

Ex. 109. Supply pronouns and underline the words which they replace.

1. The fax has arrived. ... is on your table. 2. — Who told him the news? — Not ... . 3. — Who's that? — ... is my sister. She works here. 4. — Helen has had a baby. — Is ... a boy or a girl? 5.1 have a car, but I really don't need ... . 6. Let's you and ... do it together. 7. Please take these food scraps and give ... to the dog. 8. He was loyal to whoever trusted ... . 9. Everybody has a right to ... own opinion. 10. What a sweet child ... is; ... seems the image of your friend Jack. 11. Maggie has got into a mess again! I sure wouldn't want to be ... tonight. 12. William and I smiled at each other. ... smile was as affectionate as .... 13. She laughed gaily, in that special way of .... 14. The offer we made solved her problems as well as .... 15. They think that ... is the best team. 16. — You are my destiny, Anastasia! — Yes, and you are ... . 17. ... is an informational culture. We worship information. 18. My friend Pierre is as intelligent as ... .

Ex 110. Translate into English.

1. Можно мне воспользоваться твоим принтером? Мой ремонтируют. 2. Этот калькулятор наш, а тот их. 3. Это редкая книга, ее стоимость очень высока. 4. Ты знаешь, 69

что все, что я имею — твое. 5. Не паркуй свою маши­ну рядом с моей. 6. Это недорогой фотоаппарат, но его качество хорошее. 7. Все это случилось не по моей вине. 8. Мы не можем отпустить этого воришку. Сле­дующий карман, который он обчистит, может быть вашим. 9. Конференция открывается через несколь­ко дней, а ее программа еще неизвестна. 10. Ну что же, выбор за вами. 11. Он рассказал мне свою исто­рию жизни (life story), а я свою. 12. Один из ваших пациентов только что звонил. 13. Он закончил пись­мо и подписался «Искренне Ваш Роберт». 14. Ты не знаешь, что это такое — быть мной.

Ex. 111. A. Read the dialogue and retell it in indirect speech. Comment on the pronouns in bold type.

At the Office

George: Whose flowers are these?

Fred: They are mine. They are for my wife. It's our anniversary today.

G: Oh, yes? Which one?

F: The tenth.

G: Ours is in July, on the 25th of July, to be precise, at 3.30 in the afternoon.

F: So I've got these flowers for her. Does yours have flowers, too?

G: Oh, yes. Mine always has flowers. They are always "With Love, From Me To You".

F: "With love from me to you", eh? That's very romantic. Does your wife have chocolates, too?

G: Oh, yes, she always has chocolates on her

anniversary. She has a passion for them.

F: Which sort?

G: Milk chocolates with sweet centres.

F: It's amazing, isn't it? Mine has milk chocolates too, and they always have sweet centres.

G: Extraordinary! Women are funny creatures.

F: Yes, they are. Theirs is a strange existence. On one day of the year they are romantic and have sweet centres, and for the rest of the year... 70

G: Well, Happy Anniversary, Fred!

F: Thank you George, you are very kind.

B. Discuss with a partner your birthday, your parents' or friends' anniversary and the gifts which you usually give them.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Ex. 112. Make the following sentences plural.

1. This is a new dictionary. 2. That is my file. 3. Is this your disk? 4. That was not my idea. 5. That man is a busker. 6. Give me that letter please. 7. That was a good time. 8. We'll never forget that year. 9. This computer is mine, and that one is my co-worker's. 10. They lived in that place for many years. 11. This incident is rather strange. 12. Can you see that man? 13. Who is that woman? 14. This child is being difficult today. 15. Was that an old or a new edition? 16. This information is top secret. 17. That year was a lucky one. 18. That fax r was for you. 19. This advice is very timely. 20. That money was for him, not for us. 21. Look at the pictures, my boy! This is a sheep and that is a deer. 22. This is a golden fish.

Ex. 113. Use the right form of the pronouns this or that.

I. ... gloves are of the best quality. 2. I'll sign all the papers ... morning. 3. — We can meet at 10.30. — ... will be fine. 4. ... was a really terrible air crash last week. 5. Think of all ... people who need our help. 6. ... particular ' students are extremely bright. 7. ... is something one

has to consider. 8.1 don't think very much ... days. 9. "... way, sir." 10.1 am sorry to barge on you like ... . II. ... whole business worries me. 12. The prices ... days are absolutely astronomical. 13. ... was a wrong thing to do. 14. Any chance of you getting away ... summer? 15. ... was ages ago! 16. — It's a difficult area to get jobs in! — Yes, ... 's true. 17. ... dress we saw in the shop-window was from Paris. 18. They discussed ... events at the briefing. 19. — Who was calling? — ... was Freddie. 20. People were helpless against nature in ... ages. 21. These pictures remind me of you, especially ... one.

Ex. 114. Translate into English

1. На этой неделе у меня будет очень много дел. 2. Нам хотелось бы поблагодарить тех людей, которые помога­ли и поддерживали нас. 3. — Кто будет осуществлять все эти проекты? — Эти специалисты. 4. — Здрав­ствуйте, можно к телефону Машу? — Кто ее спраши­вает? — Это Дима. 5. Уверена, что этот план сработает. 6. Эти дети точно сведут меня с ума. Они опять дерут­ся. 7. Положи это яблоко и возьми лучше то, оно сла­ще. 8. — Кто это звонил тебе? — Это была бабушка. 9. Те люди около стойки бара — популярные певцы. 10. Вы читали эти сведения? 11. Эти деньги принадле­жат Андрею. 12. Эта одежда очень дорогая. 13. Кото­рая твоя дискета: эта или та? 14. Эта музыка меня рас­слабляет. 15. — Какие туфли ты все-таки выберешь: те или эти? — Думаю, эта пара мне подойдет. 16. Те хризантемы, которые вы подарили мне, были чудесные.

Reflexive Pronouns

Ex. 115. Read and translate the sentences Say whether the self-pronoun is reflexive or emphatic State its function in the sentence

1. You're a maverick like me. Always be yourself, Mai, always be true to yourself. 2. But I've forced myself to keep going, to function. Being incredibly busy works wonders. I learned that myself a long time ago. 3. Jake knew deep within himself that they were from wholly different worlds. 4. In fact, he considered himself to be in command of the situation. 5. She felt herself choking up for a reason she couldn't explain. 6. The smile spreading itself across her face was one of pure radiance. 7. Myself I never read best-sellers on principle. It's a good rule of thumb. If the masses like it, then I'm sure that I won't. 8. The seals sunned themselves on the warm

rocks. 9. We prefer living by ourselves. 10. His son always gets himself in trouble. 11. Every teenager looks forward to taking the car out by himself. 12. May you not burden yourself with a need to make sense out of everything!

Ex.116. Fill in the blanks with suitable self-pronouns

1. They have only ... to blame. 2. Who knows better than Mark ... what he should do? 3. The mayor ... cut the ribbon to open the new city hospital. 4. That woman has put ... in a difficult position. 5. The governor ... will speak at the university. 6. One can easily injure ... while skiing. 7. You cannot expect a baby to take care of ... . 8. You may burn ... with matches. 9. After a busy day he likes to be .... 10. Bach dedicated ... to music. 11. We had to throw ... on the mercy of "Intourist". 12. The hunter accidentally shot ... in the foot. 13.1 had a good, proper look at ... in the mirror tonight. 14. I'm sorry that I didn't make ... clear. 15. — It's hot, Mommy. Can I take my T-shirt off? — I don't think you should, darling. I don't want you to expose ... to the sun. 16. People like to unburden ... to complete strangers. 17. He was beside ... with anger. 18. She allowed ... to be led from the room.

Ex. 117. Translate into English

1. Он угрожал уморить себя голодом, если они не опуб­ликуют его стихи. 2. — Сколько же это будет? — Сам высчитай (to work out). 3. Соберись, ты же мужчина! 4. Она слишком много о себе думает. 5. По утрам я готовлю себе чашечку кофе и бутерброд. 6. Сам ре­шай свои проблемы. 7. Я кошка, которая гуляет сама по себе. 8. Она извинилась и вышла. 9. Устраивайтесь поудобнее и угощайтесь фруктами. 10. Я сама об этом позабочусь. 11. Мне приходится постоянно напоминать себе, что я должна быть более терпимой. 12. Я сам чувствую, что был неправ. 13. Они были вне себя от гнева. 14. Он само благородство. 15. Представьтесь, пожалуйста, молодые люди. 16. Мы очутились в совершенно незнакомом месте. 17. Она поймала себя на том, что думала, как тяжела жизнь. 18. Они сами не очень в этом уверены.

Ex. 118. Find the English equivalents for the following words. Make up sentences of your own with them

1. самоуверенный 2. эгоцентричный 3. самоконтроль 4. самозащита 5. самодисциплина 6. самоуважение 7. самоуправление 8. самодостаточный

9. эгоистичный 10. самоудовлетворение 11. уверенный в себе

Ex. 119. Translate into English

1. He обольщайтесь. Все это не так просто. 2. Очень часто дети были предоставлены сами себе. 3. Если вы хотите все изменить, то начните с себя. 4. Пойми, ты лжешь самому себе. 5. Почему я не могу сказать са­мому себе, что я действительно счастлив? 6. Осторож­но, не ушибись! 7. Она очутилась лицом к лицу с не­знакомцем. 8. А теперь, детка, укладывайся спать. 9. Ты позволяешь себе хоть иногда расслабиться? Это ведь так важно! 10. Позаботьтесь о себе! 11. Она по­святила себя своей семье. 12. Десять маленьких не­гритят отправились обедать. Один проспал, другой подавился, третий повесился... . 13. Глубоко внутри себя он чувствовал, что неправ, но не мог заставить себя признаться в этом. 14. Никто не сделает это за тебя, тебе придется сделать это самому. 15. Расскажите нам о себе. 16. Ты назвал бы себя снобом? 17. Когда бы мы его ни встретили, он сама вежливость. 18. Образова­ние в этой стране должно подняться до современного уровня, (bring up to date) 74