21. Особенности национальной культуры при отборе персонала. Особенности рекламы о вакансиях в разных культурах.

Executive positions are not advertised in the same way in different countries.

UK:

• Considers salary an essential piece of info

• Job ads contain not only info about salary, but about other material incentives (car, fringe benefits)

• Such info usually indicates the importance of the job and responsibility

• Managers are selected not for intelligence or knowledge, but for personal social and leadership skills

• Main personal qualities required – energy, communication, motivation

• The tone of job ads is very racy (напористый)

France:

• Vague about salary and other material incentives, but precise about qualifications

• The importance of the job and responsibility is given by the level of experience and education demanded (so that the salary may be correspondingly assumed)

• Usually demand a degree in particular field and sometimes even a list of institutions (grands ecoles)

• Managers are mostly selected for their general intelligence

• Main personal qualities required are intellectual – analytical aptitude and independence

• The tone of job ads is calm and boring, aimed to give info about the job

Germany:

• Vague about salary and other material incentives, but precise about qualifications

• The importance of the job and responsibility is given by the level of experience and education demanded (so that the salary may be correspondingly assumed)

• Usually demand a “degree in”, not simply “degree”

• Managers are mostly selected for their expert knowledge in particular field

• Main personal qualities required – achievement (less personality-driven), sound knowledge, experience, competence in their particular field

• The tone of job ads is calm and boring, aimed to give info about the job

22. Иерархическая структура компании, основные структурные подразделения компании, их функции.

Most companies are made up of three groups of people: the shareholders (who provide the capital), the management and the workforce.

Board of directors -> managing director -> senior management -> middle management.

Board of Directors:

• is at the top of the company hierarchy

• headed by the Chairperson or President (elected by the Board and responsible for key policy decisions and the strategy)

Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer (CEO):

• appointed by the BoD

• has overall responsibility for the running of the business

Senior managers:

• head the various department or functions within the company.

Departments:

Personnel (Human Resources):

• manages employee affairs

• finds and screens new employees

• keeps employee records and run training, recreation and education programs,

• manages employee benefits (or fringe benefits) such as medical coverage, life insurance, profit sharing plans and pension plans.

Marketing:

• is bringing a product to market and building its market share

• has become almost scientific, thanks to computers and modern market research

• marketing people devise strategies such as market segmentation and positioning

• includes advertising.

R&D (Research and Development):

• in R&D scientists and engineers engage in what are often called technical programs

• assisted by technicians, specialists who are less educated or experienced

• general mission – to enhance existing products, to involve new technologies etc

Information Technology:

• is the computer and telecommunications heart of a corporation

• gets and transmits timely information about business inside and outside the company

Manufacturing:

• Raw materials and parts receiving

• plant engineering, production, production scheduling,

• quality control or quality assurance and shipping.

• The place where manufacturing takes place is usually called the production line.

PR (Public Relations):

• communicating with the press on the behalf of the company

• creating and supporting an attractive image of the company of the marketing