Практическая грамматика английского языка - Болдак И.А., Малышева О.Л

6.He ____ to sleep for ten hours every night but now he only sleeps for six.

7.We ___ to ice and snow in our country but in England they aren’t.

8.I __ to go to school with Ben Kingley, the famous actor.

9.We _____ to having electricity and gas in our houses but a hundred years ago people didn’t have either.

10.She ___ to hard work, she’s a nurse.

Communicative Activities

Activity 1.

If possible, find an old photograph of yourself (as a baby, a child, or one taken several years ago). If you cannot find a photograph, draw a picture. Stick the photo or picture to large piece of paper and write several statements about yourself, showing things you used to do and don’t do now; things you didn’t use to do and things you still do. Do not write your name on the paper. Your teacher will display all the pictures and descriptions. Work with a partner and try to guess the identity of each person. Who has changed the most in the class and who has changed the least?

Activity 2. Think of a place you know well - the place where you were born or where you grew up. Write about the ways it has changed and the ways it has not changed.

Activity 3. The women’s movement has helped change the lives of many women in different parts of the world. However, some people argue that things have not really changed and many things are still the same for most women. Think about women’s lives and roles in your mother’s generation and the lives of women today. Report on what has changed and what has stayed the same.

Activity 4. Create a new identity.

This activity gives you the opportunity to “become” a different person. Choose a new identity for yourself:

Whatisthisperson’sname,age,sex,profession,habits,occupation,personality, and appearance? How does this new person differ from the “real” you?

Create a full description of this person and introduce the “new” you to the class, comparing him/her with the person you used to be. If you want to, make a mask or drawing to represent the “new” you.

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EXAMPLE: I want to introduce the new me. I used to be a mother and a housewife, but now I am a secret agent. I never used to leave home, but now I often travel to distant and exotic places. I used to wear practical clothes that I always bought on sale. Now I usually wear black leather jumpsuits, dark glasses and big hats, but sometimes I wear elegant evening dresses and expensive jewelry...

Activity 5. It is job to write a profile of one of your classmates. Interview someone and find out something that your classmate:

1.never does

2.seldom does

3.sometimes does

4.often does

5.usually does

6.always does

When you have found this information, write a report on your findings, without using your classmate’s name. Begin with an introduction; for example, “I am going to tell you some things about one of our classmates”. End your report with a question: “Can you guess who this is?”

Display your report, along with all the other reports your classmates write. Can you identify the people described?

II. PASSIVE VOICE (REVISION)

PASSIVE: FORMS AND USE

Practice Section

Comment on the use of the Passive Voice. Translate into Russian.

1.They were offered a new flat.

2.Two new stores were opened this year.

3.It was being done without his knowledge.

4.The books will be sent to you.

5.He was brought up by an aunt.

6.He was killed with a knife.

7.She was being gazed at.

8.The teacher was laughed at.

9.David is listened to by his children.

10.Your grandmother will be looked after very well.

11.The truth has been concealed from us.

12.The roof is being repaired now.

13.The road had been built before I came here.

14.Coffee will be served in the dining-room.

15.Mr Johnson has been spoken to.

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Drills

Drill 1. Make sentences passive. e.g. He buys cars.

*Cars are bought

1.He bought cars.

2.He has bought cars.

3.He will buy cars.

4.He is buying cars.

5.She writes poems.

6.She wrote poems.

7.She has written poems.

8.She will write poems.

9.She is writing poems.

10.They sell books.

11.They sold books. 12.They have sold books.

13.They will sell books.

14.They are selling books.

15.I eat cheese.

16.I ate cheese.

17.I have eaten cheese.

18.I’ll eat cheese.

19.I’m eating cheese.

Drill 2. Make sentences passive.

1.They play tennis.

2.They have put the book there.

3.He will close the office.

4.They are beating the child.

5.He has forgotten the names.

6.They will not open the door.

7.He broke the glass.

8.She writes down the address.

9.He had sold the meat.

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10. She teaches languages.

1l. He was building the house.

12. She read the story.

Drill 3. Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice as in the example. Sometimes only one version is usual. E.g. They say he is in prison. *It is said he is in prison. *He is said to be in prison.

1.They say she has no money.

2.They say they are very poor.

3.They say he is innocent.

4.They say I have killed her.

5.They say she has been ill.

6.They say he is as cruel as his father.

7.They say she has done it.

8.They say he has gone to France.

9.They think he has friends living there.

10.They know he speaks French like a Frenchman.

11.People acknowledge that it will be very difficult to find out where he is.

12.They now understand that he was in the Paris area last week.

13.They think that he will probably be staying in a house near the Seine.

14.Someone reported that they saw him on the river yesterday afternoon.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct form: active or passive.

1. A valuable painting stole / was stolen. from the Central Art Gallery late

3. Walt Disney created / was created the cartoon character Mickey Mouse.

4.This problem discussed / was discussed at the last meeting.

5.In 1964 Martin Luther King won / was won the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1968 he assassinated / was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

6.The factory produces / is produced millions of cars every year and most of them export / are exported.

7.Teachers have given / have been given a new pay rise by the government. The news announced / was announced earlier today.

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Exercise 2. Make correct sentences in the Passive

1.to do / all the work / yet?

2.last year/to build/a new road.

3.to send / it / to the wrong address? (past perfect)

4.must/the text / to adapt.

5.never / since / to hear / she / of.

6.just/the murderer/to catch.

7.in four years’ time / again / to hold / the Olympic Games.

8.that problem / should/to deal with.

9.the tree / at this moment / to cut down.

10.an interesting job / to offer /John /just?

11.I the broken clock / to mend / now?

12.to take care of/the new car / must.

13.yesterday evening / to fol1ow / we.

14.next week / to replay / the match.

15.this food / to poison / (prosperity).

16.by the end of next month / your money / to pay back.

17.the body / to sponge / must / with lukewarm water.

18.not / the play / to begin / yet.

19.now / to change / the positions.

20.should / constricting clothing / to remove.

Exercise 3. Put these sentences in order.

1.the dress / had / she/ three years ago / made.

2.made / herself / the birthday cake / she.

3.I’m / a dress / for the party/ having / make.

4.having / my photograph/I/taken / hate.

5.John / tested / to the optician / went / his eyes / to get.

6.Susan / did / her car / repaired / get?

7.While / on holiday / he / stolen / was /all his money had / he .

8.have / newspapers / every morning / delivered / They / their.

9.did / your hair / Where /cut / you / have?

10.I / had / the tree / to get / really / cut down?

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences.

A.Use the Present Simple Passive of the verbs in brackets.

1.Football____(play) all over the world.

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2.Millions of cars ___ (export) from Japan every month.

3.A compass____(use) for showing direction.

4.How many languages ____ (speak) in Switzerland?

5.Bread___(make) from wheat.

6.President John F. Kennedy ____ (assassinate) m Dallas in 1963.

7.The Tower of London ______ (build) at the beginning of the eleventh century.

8.The 1986 World Cup for soccer ___ (play) in Mexico.

9.When___(television/invent)?

10.The first pyramids of Egypt ___ (build) around 3 000 BC.

B. Use the Past Continuous Passive or the Past Perfect Passive of the verbs.

1.I couldn’t wear my suit last Saturday. It ____ (clean).

2.When I got back to the car park, my car wasn’t there. It ___ (steal).

3.We couldn’t use the photocopier yesterday morning. It__(repair).

4.By the time I arrived at the concert hall, there were no tickets left. They __(all/sell).

5.We didn’t go to the party on Saturday, because we ______ (not /invite).

Exercise 5. Put the following sentences in the Passive Voice.

1.Venezuela exports oil.

2.They will laugh at me.

3.Mum is reading to Mary.

4.Dad had told me where to find a parking place.

5.They are going to book the tickets for us.

6.You must mix the powder with water.

7.We saw Sheila coming out of the shop.

8.The butler was showing me into the lounge when the telephone rang.

9.The judge may have sentenced him to death.

10.We shall look after the children.

11.They think she’s gone to live in New York.

12.They asked him a lot of questions about his life in the States.

13.People believe he’ll become the new president.

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14. They’re following us.

15 .We know they got there last week.

16.They don’t allow smoking in cinemas.

17.They are demolishing the old school.

18.We can’t do anything without the permission of the authorities.

19.We considered him to be a good husband.

20.The President should have appointed the Prime Minister.

Exercise 6. A) Make appropriate questions for these answers

B)Add tag questions to these sentence

1.Ted’s letters are never answered.

2.At the station we will be met by Mr Gregg.

3.We weren’t told anything about the party.

4.The lesson was interrupted by some noise outside.

5.Mr Christie wasn’t served cereal for breakfast.

6.The athlete is being cheered by his fans.

7.Oliver was frightened at the sight of the big dog.

8.The announcement will be made in few minutes.

9.The Browns weren’t invited to the party.

10.Leslie hasn’t taken his final examination yet.

11.The match has been cancelled because of the rain.

12.Charles’ views on married life are always laughted at.

Exercise 7. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice using the underlined words as the grammatical subject. Use a byphrase where indicated.

1.Mary used this typewriter only a few times (by).

2.They will give us an answer tomorrow.

3.The secretary always brings Mr.Palmer a cup of coffee (by).

4.She has sent you a telegram.

5.John is repairing the tape-recorder (by).

6.We won’t give him a watch as a present (by).

7.Somebody always calls for her after class (by).

8.They have continued the work today.

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9. Will he paint the house in the summer? 10.They didn’t offer him any job.

11.They hadn’t opened the museum by August.

12.We are expecting him any minute.

13.These people will take care of everything (by). 14 They named the boy David after his grandfather. 15. They were building a house near the river.

16.Everyone considered her clever (by).

17.We had finished the work by noon.

18.When Frank 1eft, they were still showing the film.

Exercise 8. Change the following sentences into the passive wherever the change is permissible.

1.Has anybody sent for Dr. Smith?

2.She likes her hair long.

3.Walter didn’t give us any explanation of his strange conduct.

4.They gave us no choice.

5.Nobody promised me anything.

6.Ray always expresses himself clearly.

7.Dr. Ross is performing an operation.

8.Many people attended the concert.

9.Miss Robinson dictated the words to us.

10.The nurse told her nothing.

11.Anne has her father’s eyes.

12.The doctor visited her for a few minutes.

13.Jane wiped her eyes.

14.Nobody commented on the statement.

15.He became a pilot.

16.Everybody disapproved of her conduct.

17.I want a sweater - size 14.

18.Nobody tells us anything.

19.Margaret never loses courage.

Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1.Нам ничего не говорили.

2.Поведение Тома не одобряли все.

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3.Посмотрите! Как быстро строят этот дом.

4.Во время войны все документы были утеряны.

5.Джона оштрафовали за то, что он перешел здесь улицу.

6.Работа была закончена к вечеру.

7.Не беспокойтесь, над вами не будут смеяться.

8.За доктором уже послали.

9.Письмо еще не отправили.

10.Обо всем позаботилась мисс Пальмир.

11.Питеру еще не объяснили.

12.Эту книгу обещала мне Маргарет.

13.В детстве Билла не обучали музыке.

14.День ему дала миссис Хиггинс.

15.Этим учебником пользуются все студенты.

16.Выставку уже открыли?

17.Мебель купили до того, как она приехала из Франции.

18.Что вам подарили на день рождения?

Exercise 10. Rewrite these short passages using the passive form whenever possible.

e.g. After discovering a hideout for terrorists yesterday the police carried out a raid and arrested five of them. The police said they expected to arrest several more terrorists in the next few days. * After a hideout for terrorists had been discovered yesterday a raid was carried out by the police and five terrorists were arrested. The police said several more terrorists were expected to be arrested in the next few days.

1.Columbus discovered America in 1492. Later the Europeans explored and colonised the new continent. The colonial powers eventually destroyed the native civilisations and transformed America into an outpost of European civilisation: in fact, nowadays, people use English, Spanish, Portuguese and French as official languages.

2.The river Douglas overflowed its banks yesterday and caused serious flooding in the small village of Redbury. Our reporter went there last night to find out how much damage the village had suffered. One of the people our reporter interviewed reckoned the flood had killed no more than two people but injured more than fifty. He also said the flood had caused considerable damage to property and that many people will have to build themselves new houses.

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Communicative Activities

Activity 1. Speak in the following situations. Use the Passive Voice. The expressions in brackets may provide cues for your speech.

1. You are going to the party.

(to be invited to a party, to be accompanied, to be picked up at 7 o’clock, to be introduced to, to be offered a cup of coffee, sandwiches, etc., to be asked to sing, to be invited to dance)

2. Bob is late for classes.

(to be left alone in the house, not to be awakened, to be given a lift by a neighbour, to be reprimanded by a teacher, not to be given a chance to explain why he is (was) late, to be interrupted, to be offended, to be laughted at).

3. John fails the examination.

(to be examined by Professor Smith, not to be prepaired well enough, to be asked difficult questions, not to be given enough time to think them over, to be asked to come again in a week).

Activity 2. Make a presentation (oral or written) on your country or on a place that you know well. Describe the resources and products, any changes over time, and any predictions for the future.

Activity 3.

It has been suggested that young people today do not have enough “general knowledge” and that they know less about the world than older people, do. The purpose of this activity is to make a survey of your local community to find out if this is true. You will be interviewing people of different ages and finding out about their levels of knowledge on a number of general topics.

The categories of the survey are as follows: Discoveries Inventions Works of art

First,formspecificprojectgroups.Onegroupwillsurveyknowledgeofdiscoveries, another, knowledge of inventions, and another, knowledge of works of art. In your group, decide on ten questions on your topic. For example, under the topic of discoveries, you could include:

Who was Brazil discovered by? Who was radium discovered by?

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