Практика устной речи по английскому языку - Малышева О.Л., Валько О.В., Щёголева Т.П

2.The robbers made the bank manager think they were genuine customers. (trick into)

3.The Mafia frightened him so much that he remained silent. (frighten into)

4.She had to sell her house in order to pay off her debts. (force into)

5.The government was made to feel so ashamed that it took action. (shame into)

What is the opposite of to talk someone into doing something?

Exercise8. Payattentiontothewaysoftranslationofthemulti-wordverbs.

Translation

1.‘You’re a worrier,’ Josie announced grandly. ‘You’re all screwed up. Give a little, relax! Smell the roses! Experience life!’

2.‘Which woman is it to be, then?’ Rose demanded suddenly. ‘What do you mean?’ he asked. ‘You can’t go stringing them both along forever, can you?’

3.‘Thank you,’ she said. ‘I’ll make enough food for three, and we can pig out if he doesn’t come.’

Exercise 9. ‘It is only shallow people who do not judge by appearance. Discussion The true mystery of the world is the visible, not the

invisible.’

Oscar Wilde

* Fact: People form 90% of their opinion of someone in the first 90 seconds.

Do you agree with Oscar Wilde’s words? If yes, try to prove them, if no – give your counter-arguments.

Exercise10.Workinpairs.Planandwritealeafletgivingpeopleadviceon Writing how to deal with doorstep salesmen. Warn them of the dangers and give at least five ‘Golden Rules’ to follow. Remember to use the multi-word verbs you have learnt in

thisunit.

Exercise11.Use the multi-word verbs and expressions to make up a story Speaking which ends with the following words: ‘It was only then he

realized that he had been completely taken in.’

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UNIT 12. UNTIDY PEOPLE ARE NOT NICE TO KNOW

Exercise1. Whatfactorsareofprimeimportancetoyouwhenyou Introduction relatetopeople: age, race, physical attractiveness, economic and social status, intelligence? What are you more sensitive to on a more immediate level?

Try to explain your reasons.

Exercise2. Translate the text and study the counter-arguments

Listening/Reading below.

You don’t have to be a genius to spot them. The men of the species are often uncombed; their ties never knotted squarely beneath their collars. The women of the species always manage to smear lipstick on their faces as well their lips; in one hand they carry handbags which are stuffed full of accumulated rubbish; with the other, they drag a horde of neglected children behind them. With a sort of happy unconcern, both the male and female species litter railway stations, streets, parks, etc., with sweet wrappings, banana-skins, egg-shells and cast-off shoes. Who are they? That great untidy band of people that make up about three-quarters of the human race. An unending trail of rubbish pursues them wherever they go.

It is most unwise to call on them at their homes – particularly if they aren’t expecting you. You are liable to find socks behind the refrigerator, marbles in the jam and egg-encrusted crockery. Newspapers litter the floor; ashtrays overflow; withered flowers go on withering in stale water. Writing-desks have become dumping ground for piles of assorted, indescribable junk. And as for the bedrooms, well, it’s best not to say. Avoid looking in their cars, too, because you are likely to find last year’s lolly sticks, chewing-gum clinging to the carpets and a note saying ‘Running In’ on the rear window of a ten-year-old vehicle.

Yes, but what are they really like? Definitely not nice to know. They are invariably dirty, scruffy, forgetful, impatient, slovenly, slothful, unpunctual, inconsiderate, rude, irritable and (if they’re driving a car) positively dangerous. Untidiness and these delightful qualities always seem to go together, or shall we say that untidiness breeds these qualities. It’s hardly surprising. If you are getting dressed and can only find one sock, you can only end up being irritable and scruffy. If after a visit to a lovely beauty spot you think that other people will enjoy the sight of your orange peel, you can only be inconsiderate and slovenly. If you can’t find an important letter because you stuck it between the pages of a book and then returned the book to the library, you can only be forgetful. If you live

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in perpetual, self-imposed squalor, you must be slothful – otherwise you’d do something about it.

What a delightful minority tidy people are by comparison! They seem to have a monopoly of the best human qualities. They are clean, neat, patient, hard-working, punctual, considerate and polite. All these gifts are reflected in their homes, their gardens, their work, their personal appearance. They are radiant, welcoming people whom you long to meet, whose esteem you really value. The crux of the matter is that tidy people are kind and generous, while untidy people are mean and selfish. The best proof of this is that tidy people, acting on the highest, selfless motives, invariably marry untidy ones. What happens after that is another story!

The counter-argument: key notes

*People obsessed with tidiness are not quite human.

*They possess very bad qualities. They are nagging, mean, jealous, spoil-sports, old-fashioned, narrow-minded, prudish. You can call them self-satisfied prigs.

*Their houses are like museums. E.g. the family of a house-proud housewife are not allowed even to walk on floors!

*Tidy husbands possess tidy desks on which work is never done and tidy shelves of books never read.

*Tidy people can’t enjoy life; they don’t know how to live.

*They are slaves of material things. Their lives are hygienic; they are always polishing floors, cleaning cars, etc.

*Their children are insufferable: always dressed in their best suits; they are not allowed to play.

*Tidy people are not creative, lack ideas.

*They never have time to create anything; they are always pursued by things.

*They are hypocrites, interested only in outward appearances.

*They are unfriendly: their way of life doesn’t encourage friendship.

*They are usually introvert, always thinking about themselves and their possessions.

*Very often they are depressed, unhappy; mental hospitals are full of tidy people.

Exercise 3. A. Give the Russian for:

Word Use

1.the people of the species; 2. to smear lipstick on one’s face;

3.happy unconcern; 4. a dumping ground; 5. assorted, indescribable junk; 6. to live in squalor and misery; 7. the crux of the matter; 8. people obsessed with tidiness.

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B.Give the English for:

1.толпа безнадзорных, заброшенных детей; 2. старье, обноски;

3.сумки, набитые мусором; 4. неизменно грязные; 5. неряшливый;

6.неопрятный; 7. нерадивый; 8. тот, кто портит удовольствие; 9. не в меру щепетильный, не в меру стыдливый, ханжеский; 10. ограниченный и самодовольный человек, педант; 11. несносные дети;

12.лицемер.

Ñ. Complete the word-combinations:

Exercise4. A.Explainthemeaningofthefollowinginyourownwords:

Activate

Exercise 5. A.Explain and expand the following according to the text:

Speaking

B.Make up your own sentences with:

a. litter; b. dumping grounds for junk; c. best not to say; d. not nice people to know; e. to have a monopoly of something; f. the crux of the matter.

Exercise 6. A. Answer the questions:

Discussion

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1.What is tidiness, in your opinion? Do you consider yourself a tidy person?

2.What do you learn about untidy people from the essay? Do you agree with the characteristics the author gives?

3.Is it possible to say that people obsessed with tidiness are not quite human? Do they seem normal to you?

4.The author claims that tidy people are kind and generous, while untidy ones are mean and selfish. What’s your opinion?

5.Do you agree that tidy people can’t enjoy life because they don’t know how to live? Does it mean that only untidy people can enjoy life? Prove your point of view.

B.Make up a dialogue presenting different opinions. Use ideas from the text and the counter-arguments.

Exercise 7. Compose an essay. Suggested topics:

Writing

*Tidy people usually marry untidy ones

*Tidy people are slaves of material things

*Tidy people have a monopoly of the best human qualities.

UNIT 13. BODY LANGUAGE

Exercise1. Doesposturetellyouanythingaboutaperson?IncolumnA Introduction there are adjectives describing postures, in column B – describing characters. Make up sentences to speculate

how postures reflect characters.

Exercise 2. Scan the article through. While reading, think about:

Reading

*Why is body language so important?

*How can it be used to your advantage?

*What does the expression ‘silent speech’ convey to you?

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‘Echoes’ of Friendship

Consider how you feel with true friends. There is a sense of relaxation, of freedom from the tension, power plays and uncertainty experienced during encounters with strangers. The key here is that you are of equal status. Among friends, there is a similarity of posture and a mimicry of movement, known as postural echo. It carries the message ‘I am like you’, making friends ‘feel right’ together. Popular people seem to have a natural ability with postural echo, and it is often used by successful salespeople. The synchrony is missing in people with serious mental disturbances, and many normal people have poor postural echo. Perhaps because their parents were undemonstrative or unloving, they seem never to have absorbed the unconscious signals of co-operative movement. As the echo goes, so does the sense of rapport, and they themselves may find it difficult to make friends.

Minding your Language

People signal feeling and intent in body language. Jabbing a raised finger in conversation means power or anger. Turning the head, or crossing legs away from someone you’re talking to – however animatedly – shows you don’t want to be so involved. Other ‘barrier signals’, like folded arms, may reveal a person’s hostility or insecurity. Submission gestures like nodding and bowing are ritualized socially. We all start to edge away slightly, or sit forward in our chair, when we’re too polite to say ‘I’d like to leave’, and most people will take the hint. Those who don’t are likely to be labeled as monopolizing bores.

Lies and Body Language

A whole new world opens up if you’re aware of contradictory signals. If a friend who seems to be listening raptly is tapping her toes as well, change the subject – she’s bored. No matter how charming the boss is being, those aggressive little foot kicks probably mean you’ll not be given a pay rise. After a lovely evening, the man of your dreams says he’ll call soon, but he isn’t looking at you and his arms are folded – don’t bother to wait by the phone.

Safe Space

The way we dominate space is an extension of body language. The more expansive we are, the more powerful, from the hands-behind-head, feet-on-desk pose, to the positioning of towels on a beach or books on the table. Furniture is often used to dominate, like the common ploy of forcing a visitor into a lowly position in the guise of having the most comfortable, squishy armchair. Encroachments into stranger’s territory,

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like placing your bag firmly on their desk or putting your coffee cup down near to theirs, make them nervous and increase your dominance in an encounter.

Close Encounters

The first four minutes of any encounter are critical, Dr Lewis says. When two people meeting make eye contact, both raise and lower their eyebrows in a flash greeting, which is known by experts as the ‘eyebrow flash’. This may signal ‘hello’, a query, approval, thanks, agreement, flirtation, emphasis or occasionally disapproval. During a conversation, direct gaze is needed for contact and to convey good intent, but it can also be threatening. Intense staring occurs at the heights of both intimacy and aggression. On the other hand, too short a gaze implies disinterest.

Exercise 3. Give definitions for the following words and phrases:

Vocabulary

Exercise 4. Decide on the correct options according to the text.

Comprehension

1.Low self-esteem can be improved by

a.using body language to hide what you really feel.

b.using threatening behaviour to make others feel small.

c.recognizing that everyone else feel secure.

d.recognizing that body language need not be a threat.

2.One of the ways to become more confident is to

a.relax more with friends.

b.imitate the facial expressions of others.

c.alter the way we walk.

d.avoid direct eye contact with people.

3.Some people have poor postural echo because they

a.do not co-operate with their parents.

b.do not mix with people of equal status.

c.have not received the proper training.

d.have not understood the signals in a relationship.

4.How can you show that you want to end a conversation?

a.cross your legs

b.move back a little

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c.fold your arms

d.nod your head slightly

5.People dominate space in a meeting in order to

a.give themselves an advantage.

b.put other people at their ease.

c.make themselves more comfortable.

d.hide their own nervousness.

6.What should you try not to do in a social encounter?

a.fail to return an eyebrow flash

b.glance away while talking to someone

c.look directly into someone’s eyes

d.appear too friendly and interested

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text. Have you ever been misled by Reading body language?

Watch Your Body Language

Playing host each year to 36 million people from all over the world is no easy task. Here, noted manwatcher Desmond Morris treats us to a light-hearted look at some of the deadly, but unintentional, gaffes that can so easily occur when cultures collide at Heathrow, the world’s premier international airport.

I’m never bored at airports. Quite the reverse, I visit them like other people go to the ballet. To a Manwatcher, there’s nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of different countries mingling and exchanging body signals.

And nowhere is the performance so enjoyable as at Heathrow, the world’s top international airport.

Day and night they pour in, a cast of 36 million a year from every corner of the globe.

Where else but Heathrow could you hope to see Brazilians rubbing shoulders with Brahmins, Poles with Polynesians, Madagascans with Minnesotans and Neapolitans with Nepalese?

Each nationality has its own language of posture and gesture. But since these body-lingos are often mutually incomprehensible, an innocent gesture made in an airport lounge may well be an unwitting insult.

Something in your eye? Think before you touch the lower lid. If a Saudi sees you, he’ll think you’re calling him stupid, but a South American senorita will think you’re making a pass at her.

There is no greater insult you can offer a Greek than to thrust your palms towards his face. This gesture, called the ‘moutza’ is descended

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from the old Byzantine custom of smearing filth from the gutter in the faces of criminals as they were led in chains through the city. So vile is this insult that in Greece even the Churchillian Victory-V is taboo, as it looks like a half-’moutza’.

Thus the Cretan or Athenian traveler, ordering two teas in a Heathrow restaurant, will carefully reverse his palm and give the waiter two fingers in the best Harvey Smith manner. With 22,600 orders for cups of tea open to misinterpretation every day, the wonder is the place functions at all.

It’s so easy to give offence. Suppose a passenger asks at the Information Desk where he should go to pay his airport tax.

Now the good news is that at Heathrow, unlike many airports I could name, passengers don’t pay any taxes. But just as the Information Assistant begins to say so, she is assailed by a tremendous itch and tugs at her earlobe.

Astonishing though it may seem, this simple gesture means five different things in five different Mediterranean countries.

Depending on his nationality, the Assistant has offered the passenger the following insult: to a Spaniard – ‘You rotten sponger’; to a Greek – ‘You’d better watch it, mate’; to a Maltese – ‘You’re a sneaky little so- and-so’; to an Italian – ‘Get lost you pansy’.

Only a Portuguese (to whom the gesture signifies something ineffably wonderful) would hang around long enough to hear the answer.

Happily, I can report that BAA’s information staff are trained in body language.

A Sardinian woman asks if it is easy to find a taxi at Heathrow. The answer she gets is a cheery British thumbs up. (Very likely from one of the 900 cabbies who serve the airport on an average day.) Immediately, she clonks the unfortunate man with her handbag for making such a devastatingly obscene suggestion. This is why, incidentally, it’s inadvisable to hitch-hike in Sardinia.

Isn’t there at least one truly international gesture? Don’t bet on it. A Japanese asks an American passenger whether Heathrow has a luggage trolley service. It has. And as it happens, this service is not only first class, but FREE! So the Yank replies with the famous ‘A-OK’ ring gesture. But to the Japanese this signifies ‘money’ and he includes there

a large charge for the service.

Meanwhile, a Tunisian on-looker thinks the American is telling the Japanese that he is a worthless rogue and he is going to kill him.

The ring-gesture can have further meanings.

A Frenchman has just read a BAA advertisement. Glancing around

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