Suppletivity in formation the degrees of comparison

No degrees of comparison:

•(1) those already expressing the highest degree of quality, cf. supreme, extreme; супермодний, прегарний;

•(2) indicating some degree of quality, cf. bluish/синюватий, reddish/червонуватий, yellowish/жовтуватий;

•(3) indicating qualities which are not compatible with the idea of comparison, cf. blind/сліпий, deaf/глухий, pregnant/вагітна.

Allomorphism:

• Ukrainian adjectives, unlike English, have gender, case and number

inflexions.

•Most of the qualitative and relative adjectives belong to the first declension and split into hard and soft consonant groups.

•Possessive adjectives have their own inflections.

The Numeral as a part of speech

in English and Ukrainian

Contents:

•1. Typological characteristics of the English and Ukrainian numeral as a part of speech.

•2. Lexico-grammatical classes of English and Ukrainian numerals.

•3. Stem structure of English and Ukrainian numerals.

•4. Grammatical categories of English and Ukrainian numerals: allomorphic and isomorphic features.

Features:

•(1) lexico-grammatical meaning of number;

•(2) typical stem-building elements, cf. -teen (fifteen), -ty

(twenty), -th (fifth); -дцять (двадцять), -надцять (дванадцять);

•(3) right-hand combinability with nouns, articles (the four days), adverbs (the two below/ahead; двоє внизу/попереду), left-hand combinability with pronouns (all the three, some five or so; усі четверо), bilateral combinability with prepositions (two from ten; два з десяти);

•(4) functions of an attribute (three girls/три дівчини), predicative complement (she came third/вона прийшла першою), subject (The first ten have arrived/Перші десятеро приїхали), adverbial modifier (They ran four and four/ Вони бігли по чотири).

Isomorphic lexico-grammatical groups:

•(1) cardinals (кількісні), denoting number, cf. three, five, twenty-one; три, п’ять, двадцять один;

•(2) ordinals (порядкові), denoting order, cf. the third, the fifth, the twenty-first; перший, п’ятий, двадцять перший;

•(3) fractionals (дроби), denoting parts of a whole: simple (one eighth, two sevenths; дві десятих); decimal.

Allomorphism:

•Ukrainian collective numerals denoting quantity as indivisible unity, cf. двоє, четверо, двадцятеро, п’ятеро, десятеро;

•Ukrainian indefinite cardinal numerals denoting indefinite number, cf. кількасот, кількадесят, кільканадцять/ кільканадцятеро.

As to their structure English and Ukrainian numerals are:

•simple-stem (one, ten, eleven; один, п’ять);

•derivative stem, formed with the help of the suffixes

-teen and -ty (cardinals) and -th (ordinals) in English and -надцять, -дцять (cardinals), in Ukrainian (thirteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty; тринадцять, п'ятнадцять, двадцять);

•сompound-stem (кількадесят, кількасот, триста);

•compound-derivative (twenty-one, forty-three, three- ninths, twenty-fifth; три двадцятих);

•composite (one hundred and twenty, twenty two thousand; три цілих і одна четверта).

Allomorphism:

•Ukrainian collective numerals can have parallel diminutive forms:

двоє – двійко, двієчко.