Lecture 5

TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN VERB

Contents:

•1. Typological characteristics of the English and Ukrainian verb.

•2. Classes of verbs in English vs. Ukrainian.

•3. Ways of expressing morphological categories of the English and Ukrainian verb:

a)the category of person;

b)the category of number;

c)the category of tense;

d)the category of aspect;

e)the category of voice;

f)the category of mood;

g)the category of order;

h)the category of gender.

Features of the VERB as a part of speech in E. & U.:

•(1) lexico-grammatical meaning of action, cf. work, smile, walk, break etc., state, cf. want, belong, know etc., and process, cf. grow, change, die etc.;

•(2) typical stem-building elements, cf. -ate (facilitate), -en (strengthen), -ify

(beautify), -ize (organize), -esce (acquiesce); -ти/ть (брати/брать); -тися/ться-сь (братися/молиться-сь);

•The peculiarity of the English verbs is their ability to be combined with lexico-grammatical word-morphemes up, in, off, down, out, etc. which together with verbs form the so-called phrasal verbs (put down, check up).

•(3) bi-lateral combinability with nouns or noun substitutes denoting the doer and the object of the action (He kissed Mary/ Він поцілував Мері) and adverbs (to walk slowly/йти повільно);

•(4) functions of predicate (finites: He wanted a drink/ Він хотів випити) and secondary predicate (verbids/ verbals): watch him swimming) in a sentence;

•(5) categories of person, number, tense, aspect, voice, mood. Besides, English verb has the morphological category of order (perfect forms).

Grammar classes of verbs in E. & U.

Verbs

In accordance with semantic and grammatical criteria:

Verbs

Allomorphic grammar subclasses of the English verb

Verb

Regular

(-ed)

Irregular

Verbs

Verbs

English terminative and non-terminative verbs can be to some extent correlated

with Ukrainian verbs expressing the perfective and imperfective aspects

(дієслова доконаного та недоконаного виду: нести – принести, любити – розлюбити, сісти - присісти).