- •Lecture 9
- •Contents:
- •Semi-compound sentences:
- •Semi-complex sentences:
- •Isomorphic types of compound sentences in E.&U.
- •Copulative compound sentences
- •Meanings of the English “and”
- ••b) The adjoining meaning (приєднувальне значення) when the first sentence is accompanied by
- ••The meaning of recounting (перелічувальне значення).
- ••The meaning of consequence (наслідкове значення), when the second sentence is the result
- •Allomorphism
- ••The Ukrainian conjunction та й is used less frequently in the Ukrainian language
- ••The copulative-negative meaning (єднально-заперечний зв'язок) is formed in the English language with the
- ••The negative conjunctions in English neither ...
- ••The Ukrainian conjunction не тільки ..., а (але) і (й) has as its
- •Disjunctive compound sentences
- ••In Ukrainian the number of disjunctive conjunctions is a bigger one than in
- ••The double conjunctions або ...або; чи
- •Adversative compound sentences
- •Meanings of the English “but”
- ••b) The concessive meaning when ill the second part of the sentence the
- •Meanings of the Ukrainian “а”:
- ••The English conjunction while has the meaning of opposing, similar to some meanings
- ••Somehow similar in their meaning are the English conjunction or and the Ukrainian
- ••English connective adverbs yet, still, nevertheless have the adversative meaning with the shade
- ••The characteristic feature of Ukrainian adversative sentences is the close connection and cooperation
- •Causative-consecutive
- ••The consecutive connection is rendered in English with the help of the conjunction
- ••The causative connection in the compound sentence is rendered with the help of
- •The Ukrainian compound sentences with the meaning of suddenness
- ••Widely spread in modern Ukrainian is a subtype of such sentences, where in
- •Compound sentences with asyndetically joined clauses
- ••b) Compound sentences of the second subtype are characterized by a still looser
•Widely spread in modern Ukrainian is a subtype of such sentences, where in the first part the verbs of physical perception are used (дивитися, глянути, бачити, слухати, чути and others), and the second part starts with the conjunctions аж, коли, e.g.:
Дивлюсь — аж он передо мною неначе дива виринають
(Т. Шевченко).
Коли гляне — попереду старший їде (Т. Шевченко).
•Similar connection is also rendered with the help of asyndetic connection.
Compare: Бачить — ліс чорніє (T. Шевченко).
Compound sentences with asyndetically joined clauses
•There are two isomorphic subtypes of compound sentences with asyndetically joined clauses.
•a) Compound sentences with an implicit though quite transparent copulative interrelation between the constituent clauses and with close semantic and syntactic ties between the succeeding and preceding clauses. As a result, asyndetically adjoined clauses in the sentences of this subtype can be substituted for
syndetically connected clauses (that is with the help of the copulative conjunction "and"). Compare: She's worthy, she's provincial. – She is worthy, and she is provincial. Similarly in Ukrainian: Вона гонориста; (і) вона провінціалка.
•b) Compound sentences of the second subtype are characterized by a still looser connection between the adjoined clauses which is marked by a comma or a semicolon. The syntactic interrelation between the component clauses in the sentences of this subtype may be of copulative or adversative nature.
•Compare: Young John has never studied a doctrine for himself; he has never examined a doctrine for any purpose (M. Twain).
— Young John has never studied a doctrine for himself, (and) he has never examined a doctrine for any purpose.
•The coordinate copulation is also preserved in Ukrainian:
Молодий пастор Джон ніколи не вивчав якоїсь віри, (і) він ніколи не заглиблювався в неї з якоюсь певною метою.