- •Lecture 9
- •Contents:
- •Semi-compound sentences:
- •Semi-complex sentences:
- •Isomorphic types of compound sentences in E.&U.
- •Copulative compound sentences
- •Meanings of the English “and”
- ••b) The adjoining meaning (приєднувальне значення) when the first sentence is accompanied by
- ••The meaning of recounting (перелічувальне значення).
- ••The meaning of consequence (наслідкове значення), when the second sentence is the result
- •Allomorphism
- ••The Ukrainian conjunction та й is used less frequently in the Ukrainian language
- ••The copulative-negative meaning (єднально-заперечний зв'язок) is formed in the English language with the
- ••The negative conjunctions in English neither ...
- ••The Ukrainian conjunction не тільки ..., а (але) і (й) has as its
- •Disjunctive compound sentences
- ••In Ukrainian the number of disjunctive conjunctions is a bigger one than in
- ••The double conjunctions або ...або; чи
- •Adversative compound sentences
- •Meanings of the English “but”
- ••b) The concessive meaning when ill the second part of the sentence the
- •Meanings of the Ukrainian “а”:
- ••The English conjunction while has the meaning of opposing, similar to some meanings
- ••Somehow similar in their meaning are the English conjunction or and the Ukrainian
- ••English connective adverbs yet, still, nevertheless have the adversative meaning with the shade
- ••The characteristic feature of Ukrainian adversative sentences is the close connection and cooperation
- •Causative-consecutive
- ••The consecutive connection is rendered in English with the help of the conjunction
- ••The causative connection in the compound sentence is rendered with the help of
- •The Ukrainian compound sentences with the meaning of suddenness
- ••Widely spread in modern Ukrainian is a subtype of such sentences, where in
- •Compound sentences with asyndetically joined clauses
- ••b) Compound sentences of the second subtype are characterized by a still looser
•b) The concessive meaning when ill the second part of the sentence the expressed idea is opposite to what is
expected on the basis of mentioned in the first part ideas. Compare: Twilight gave place to night, but he didn't turn on the light (H. Wells). – Стемніло, але він не засвітив лампи.
•c) The relative meaning when the second part explains
one of members of the first part or the whole of it. Compare: Some people likened him to a direction post..., but these were his enemies (Ch. Dickens). – Противник кинувся до апаратів, але вони мовчали.
Meanings of the Ukrainian “а”:
•contrasting (протиставлення): / на оновленій землі врага не буде, супостата, а буде син, і буде мати, і будуть люди на землі (Т. Шевченко).
•• sequence of events (послідовність подій): Він ішов попереду, а я позаду.
•• separate fulfilling of events (роздільність дій за характером виконання): Ти молотом дзвени, працюй, а ти, поете, співай, завжди співай (В. Сосюра).
•• conclusion (висновок): От і станція Соколгорна, а
у грудях вже серцю тісно (М. Нагнибіда) and others.
•The English conjunction while has the meaning of opposing, similar to some meanings of the Ukrainian adversative conjunction a.
Compare:
Jos went into a collapsed state to an inn, while Dobbin escorted the ladies (W. Thackerey). - Він пішов додому, а я лишився в клубі.
The English conjunction otherwise also has the meaning close to it, e.g.: You have no documents — otherwise you would have handed them to the Colonel (Heym). Нема в тебе документів, а то (інакше) б ти показав їх полковнику.
•Somehow similar in their meaning are the English conjunction or and the Ukrainian conjunction a mo.
Compare: It's lucky they took off their boots, or we should fill the place with clatter (H. Wells). - Добре, що вони роззулися, а то наробили б шуму.
•English connective adverbs yet, still, nevertheless have the adversative meaning with the shade of concession, which corresponds to
some meanings of the Ukrainian adversative conjunction ma.
•Compare: That train would bear her away from him; yet he could not help fidgeting at the thought that they would lose it (J. Galsworthy) ...
– Ще клевета на нас не замовкає, — та стоїмо ми табором одним ... (М. Рильський).
•The characteristic feature of Ukrainian adversative sentences is the close connection and cooperation between conjunctions and modal words and particles.
•For example, the word проте functions both as a conjunction and as a modal word.
•The particles тільки, лише, таки can also function as
coordinating conjunctions (сурядні сполучники) with the general adversative meaning, e.g.: Ніч була темна, тільки на небі ясно блищали зорі (І. Нечуй- Левицький).
Causative-consecutive
compound sentences
•The causative and consecutive connection in
compound sentences is rendered in Ukrainian with the help of the conjunctions i, a and in English — so (that), for, and the connective adverb therefore.
•At such a connection the second sentence expresses explanation, confirmation, conclusion or consequence of the idea expressed in the first part of the compound sentence.
•The consecutive connection is rendered in English with the help of the conjunction so (less often therefore), in Ukrainian — with the help of the conjunction a, e.g.:
She hasn't much strength in her, so I easily kept her quiet (Ch. Dickens).
Повернувся козак Нечай на лівеє плече, а вже з ляшків, вражих синів. Кров ріками тече
(Нар. пісня).
•The causative connection in the compound sentence is rendered with the help of the English conjunction for and the Ukrainian conjunction i, e.g.:
It was not yet daylight, for the candle was burning (Ch. Dickens).
Андрій почув у руці одрізані пальці, і злість туманом піднялась йому до мозку (М. Коцюбинський).
The Ukrainian compound sentences with the meaning of suddenness
•They are formed most often with the help of the conjunctions аж, коли, як and are used in the emotionally coloured speech. Such sentences usually reader the action and its sudden character.
Compare:
Ой пішла я у яр за водою, аж там милий гуляє з другою (Т. Шевченко).
Сьогодні вранці я спокійно сиджу вдома, коли дзвонить твій секретар (Ю. Корнійчук).