Lecture 9

Typology

of the Compound Sentence

in English and Ukrainian

Contents:

1.The composite sentence.

2.The compound sentence with conjunctions:

a)the copulative compound sentence;

b)the disjunctive compound sentence;

c)the adversative compound sentence;

d)the causative-consecutive compound sentences;

e)compound sentences with the meaning of suddenness.

3.Compound sentences with asyndetically joined clauses.

Semi-compound sentences:

•One doesn't give up a god easily and so with White Fang (J. London) – He так легко відмовитися від свого власника

—бога, саме так і в Білозубця.

•One doesn't give up a god easily, and so (it is/ it was) with White Fang. – Не так легко відмовитися від свого власника

—бога, саме так (було це) і в Білозубця.

Semi-complex sentences:

•White Fang felt fear mounting in him again (J. London). – Білозубець відчув, що ним опановує страх.

•He leaned far out of the window and he saw the first light spread (J. Galsworthy). – Він висунувся далеко з вікна і помітив, що починають пробиватися перші промені.

Isomorphic types of compound sentences in E.&U.

Compound sentences

Copulative (єднальні)

Disjunctive (розділові)

Adversative (протиставні)

Causative-consecutive (причинно-наслідкові)

Copulative compound sentences

•Copulative sentences are joined by conjunctions and, neither... nor, now ... now, not... but. In

Ukrainian the typical conjunctions in this type of the sentence are: і (й), та, та й, і... і..., ні...

ні..., ані... ані... and others.

•The most widespread of them are the English conjunction "and" and the Ukrainian conjunction "і (й)". They render a variety of relations between sentences.

Meanings of the English “and”

&Ukrainian “i”:

•a) The proper copulative meaning when there is a connection of very close according to their content sentences.

Compare: Гриміло потьмарене море здаля, і жаром чадила зруділа земля (М. Бажан). – І heard a click, and a little glow lamp came into being (H. Wells).

•b) The adjoining meaning (приєднувальне значення) when the first sentence is accompanied by the second sentence for the completion or development of the idea expressed by the first sentence.

Compare: Мені чомусь здавалось, що треба йти додому, і це було єдиним мотивом, який змусив мене піти. – І had a vague idea of going on to my own house, and that was as much motive as I had (H. Wells).

•The meaning of recounting (перелічувальне значення).

Compare: / тіло в них міцне, і плечі в них широкі, і мисль оформила опуклі їх лоби (М. Бажан). – The sun set, the window-shutters were closed, and the street was empty.

•The meaning of consequence (наслідкове значення), when the second sentence is the result or consequence from the idea expressed in the first sentence.

У мене дуже мало часу, і я ніяк не можу сказати вам про все (Ю. Корнійчук).

But he was sick and weary; and he soon felt sound asleep (Ch. Dickens).