- •Alexandrova t.A., Fenova e.A.
- •Verbals. Oblique Moods. Modal Verbs.
- •Рецензенты:
- •Предисловие
- •The Infinitive
- •The infinitive as a non-finite form of the verb.
- •The morphological characteristics of the infinitive.
- •1.2.1. Aspect and voice distinctions of the infinitive do not differ from those of the finite verb.
- •The particle "to" before the infinitive
- •1.3.1. The split infinitive
- •1.4.3. The infinitive is used as an object to verbs expressing:
- •1.4.4. The infinitive used as an attribute immediately follows its head-noun.
- •1.4.5. The infinitive can be used as an adverbial modifier.
- •1.4.5.1. An adverbial modifier of purpose:
- •1.4.5.2. An adverbial modifier of result or consequence:
- •1.4.5.3. An adverbial modifier of subsequent events:
- •Predicative constructions (complexes) with the infinitive
- •1.6.1. The Accusative with the Infinitive
- •1.6.2. The Nominative with the Infinitive
- •1.6.3. The Infinitive For-Phrase
- •Exercises
- •Without the anticipatory it
- •With the anticipatory it
- •Predicative Constructions (Complexes) with the Infinitive
- •Revision Exercises
- •Participle I
- •2.1. The morphological characteristics.
- •2.2. The temporal meaning of participle I.
- •2.3. The functions of participle I.
- •2.3.1. An attribute
- •The Accusative with participle I (complex object)
- •The nominative with participle I (complex subject)
- •The nominative absolute construction with participle I
- •The absolute construction with participle I introduced by "with". The absolute construction without participle I.
- •3.4. The functions of participle II.
- •3.4.1. An attribute
- •3.4.2. A predicative
- •3.5.6. The prepositional absolute construction.
- •Exercises
- •Predicative constructions (complexes) with participle II.
- •The Gerund
- •The morphological characteristics.
- •The temporal meaning of the gerund.
- •4.8. Some prepositional verbs and phrases used with the gerund.
- •Exercises
- •Gerundial complexes (constructions)
- •The gerund and the infinitive
- •The gerund, participle I, the verbal noun
- •Revision exercises on participle and gerund.
- •5.1.5. Subjunctive I and the suppositional mood represent an action as problematic but not as contradicting reality.
- •5.2.5. The tenses within the sentence need not be the same; the rules of the sequence of tenses are not observed with any of the oblique moods forms.
- •5.3. Aspect and voice distinctions.
- •5.4.2.3. To express advice (a) and preference (b) (subjunctive II in the set phrases had better and would rather):
- •5.4.3. The conditional mood is used in simple sentences
- •5.4.3.1. With implied condition:
- •5.5.1.2.2. It is necessary to point out that when the verb in the object clause is affirmative in English, it is negative in Russian and vice versa.
- •5.5.1.2.3. To express a hardly realizable wish the present tense of subjunctive II of a modal verb may be used in these object clauses.
- •5.5.1.3. Both tenses of subjunctive II are used in adverbial clauses of comparison. The tenses are used relatively.
- •5.5.1.3.1. The same rules hold good for predicative clauses introduced by as if and as though.
- •5.5.2. Subjunctive II and the conditional mood in complex sentences.
- •5.5.2.1. In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of unreal condition subjunctive II is used in the clause of condition and the conditional mood is used in the principal clause.
- •5.5.2.1.2. Three forms are used in clauses of condition with reference to the future (for details see 5.5.3.4.):
- •5.5.2.2. In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of concession the choice of the mood form depends on the conjunction which introduces the subordinate clause.
- •5.5.3.2.1. The same rules hold good for appositive (a) and predicative (b) clauses after nouns expressing order, suggestion, wish, agreement, etc.:
- •5.5.3.4. The suppositional mood is used in adverbial clauses of condition with reference to the future.
- •5.5.3.5. The suppositional mood and subjunctive I may be used in adverbial clauses of concession.
- •5.5.3.5.1. The suppositional mood is used with reference to the future.
- •5.5.3.5.2. Subjunctive I is used in clauses of concession introduced by though, although, whoever, etc.
- •5.5.3.5.3. The indicative mood of the modal verb may is often used in clauses of concession introduced by though, whoever, however, etc.
- •The Use of Moods in Simple Sentences and Independent Clauses
- •The Use of Moods in Complex Sentences Subjunctive II in Complex Sentences
- •Subjunctive II and the Conditional Mood in Complex Sentences
- •The Suppositional Mood and Subjunctive in Complex Sentences
- •Revision Exercises
- •6.3.6. Incredulity (in negative sentences)
- •Revision exercises on can and may
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Should, ought (to)
- •6.8. In most of their meanings these verbs are used interchangeably. They express the following:
- •6.8.1. Advice, obligation, desirability
- •6.8.4. Supposition bordering on assurance; something that can be naturally expected
- •6.8.5. Why should, how should are to be considered set phrases used for emotional colouring:
- •Exercises.
- •6.11. Need can be used as a modal or as a regular verb. It has the following meanings:
- •6.11.2. Necessity (in negative and interrogative sentences)
- •6.11.4. To be in want of is expressed by the regular need
- •Exercises
- •Revision exercises on modal verbs
- •Literature
- •I. Theoretical sourses
- •II.Fiction and periodicals
- •III. Dictionaries
- •Abbreviations
- •Сontents
- •Александрова т.А., Фенова е.А.
Literature
I. Theoretical sourses
Александрова (Долгова) О.В. Семиотика неплавной речи. М., 1978.
Зверева Е.А. Научная речь и модальность. Л., 1968.
Смирницкий А.И. Морфология английского языка. М., 1959.
Alexander L.G. Longman English Grammar. London and New York, 1995.
Akhmanova O., Alexandrova O. A Manual of English. M., 1989.
Biber D. et al. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow, 2000.
Close R.A. A Reference Grammar for Students of English. M., 1979.
Dean M. English Grammar Lessons. Upper Intermediate. Oxford, 1993.
Eckersley C.E. A Concise English Grammar for Foreign Students. L., 1959.
Ganshina M.A., Vasylevskaya N.M. English Grammar. Moscow, 1964.
Gordon E.M., Krylova I.P. A Grammar of Present-Day English. Moscow, 1980.
Graver B.D. Advanced English Practice. Oxford, 1990.
Gryzulina A.R. et al. Non-Finite Forms of the Verb. Moscow, 1982.
Hewings M. Advanced Grammar in Use. Cambridge, 1999.
Kaushanskaya V.L. A Grammar of the English language. L., 1968
Kobrina N.A. et al. An English Grammar. СПб, 2001.
Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge, 1997.
Natanson E.A. Oblique Moods. Modal Verbs. M., 1968.
Prodromou L. Grammar and Vocabulary for First Certificate. Harlow, 2000.
Roberts P. Understanding Grammar. New York, 1954.
Strong L. An Informal English Grammar. London, 1944.
Swan M. Practical English Usage. Oxford, 1995.
Zandvoort R.W. A Handbook of English Grammar, 1965.
II.Fiction and periodicals
Benchley P. Jaws. New York, 1975.
Burnham S. A Book of Angels. New York, 1990.
Caroll L. Alice in Wonderland. Moscow, 2000.
Cheever J. Selected Prose. Moscow, 2000.
Cheever J. The Wapshot Chronicle. New York, 1978.
Christie A. Crooked House. New York, 1972.
Christie A. The ABC Murders. London, 1970.
Conan Doyle A. Tales of Terror and Mystery. London, 1963.
Conan Doyle A. The Valley of Fear. New York, 1969.
Dickens Ch. Dombey and Son. Moscow, 1955.
Dickens Ch. Bleak House. Moscow, 1957.
Fitzgerald F.S. Tender is the Night. London, 1978.
Fitzgerald F.S. The Pat Hobby Stories. London, 1967.
Forsyth F. The Odessa File. London, 1973.
Franklin M. My Brilliant Career. New York, 1981.
Gaskel E. North and South. Wordsworth Classics, 1994.
Golding W. Lord of the Flies. Moscow, 1982.
Hailey A. Airport. London, 1970.
Hitchcock A. Daring Detectives. London, 1975.
Hitchcock A. Solve Them Yourself Mysteries. London, 1968.
Hitchcock A. The Mystery of the Green Ghost. London, 1970.
Ishiguro K. The Remains of the Day. New York, 1989.
Laing F.A. A History of English Literature. London and Glasgow.
Lawrence D.H. Lady Chatterley's Lover. London, 1961.
Lawrence D.H. The Virgin and the Gipsy. London, 1973.
Leacock S. Perfect Lover's Guide and Other Stories. Moscow, 1958.
Lindsay J. The Heir. Hew York, 2001.
MacLean A. Santorini. New York, 1986.
MacLean A. The Golden Rendezvous. New York, 1962.
Maugham S. Collected Short Stories, London, 1970.
Maugham S. Of Human Bondage. London, 1972.
Maugham S. The Razor's Edge. Moscow, 1998.
Maugham S. Theatre. Moscow, 1985.
du Maurier D. Rebecca. Moscow, 1956.
Mitchell M. Gone with the Wind. London, 1974.
Packer J. The Blind Spot. London, 1968.
Poole K.B. Ghosts of Wessex. London, 1976.
Priestley J.B. Salt is Leaving. London, 1966.
Puzo M. The Godfather. London, 1975.
Salinger J.D. Nine Stories. New York, 1971.
Segal E. Love Story. London, 1971.
Shaw B. Pygmalion. Moscow, 1972.
Sheldon S. Tell me your Dreams. New York, 1999.
Steel D. Sunset in St. Tropez. New York, 2003.
Thackeray W. Vanity Fair. Moscow, 1951.
Wilson C.The Mind Parasites.M., 2001
Woolf V. To the Light House. Penguin Books, 1996.
Your Personal Mark Twain. New York, 1969.
Children and Youth Service Review
The Daily Telegraph
European Journal for High Ability.
Harper's Bazaar
New Idea
New Woman
People
The Sunday Telegraph
The Sunday Times