- •Alexandrova t.A., Fenova e.A.
- •Verbals. Oblique Moods. Modal Verbs.
- •Рецензенты:
- •Предисловие
- •The Infinitive
- •The infinitive as a non-finite form of the verb.
- •The morphological characteristics of the infinitive.
- •1.2.1. Aspect and voice distinctions of the infinitive do not differ from those of the finite verb.
- •The particle "to" before the infinitive
- •1.3.1. The split infinitive
- •1.4.3. The infinitive is used as an object to verbs expressing:
- •1.4.4. The infinitive used as an attribute immediately follows its head-noun.
- •1.4.5. The infinitive can be used as an adverbial modifier.
- •1.4.5.1. An adverbial modifier of purpose:
- •1.4.5.2. An adverbial modifier of result or consequence:
- •1.4.5.3. An adverbial modifier of subsequent events:
- •Predicative constructions (complexes) with the infinitive
- •1.6.1. The Accusative with the Infinitive
- •1.6.2. The Nominative with the Infinitive
- •1.6.3. The Infinitive For-Phrase
- •Exercises
- •Without the anticipatory it
- •With the anticipatory it
- •Predicative Constructions (Complexes) with the Infinitive
- •Revision Exercises
- •Participle I
- •2.1. The morphological characteristics.
- •2.2. The temporal meaning of participle I.
- •2.3. The functions of participle I.
- •2.3.1. An attribute
- •The Accusative with participle I (complex object)
- •The nominative with participle I (complex subject)
- •The nominative absolute construction with participle I
- •The absolute construction with participle I introduced by "with". The absolute construction without participle I.
- •3.4. The functions of participle II.
- •3.4.1. An attribute
- •3.4.2. A predicative
- •3.5.6. The prepositional absolute construction.
- •Exercises
- •Predicative constructions (complexes) with participle II.
- •The Gerund
- •The morphological characteristics.
- •The temporal meaning of the gerund.
- •4.8. Some prepositional verbs and phrases used with the gerund.
- •Exercises
- •Gerundial complexes (constructions)
- •The gerund and the infinitive
- •The gerund, participle I, the verbal noun
- •Revision exercises on participle and gerund.
- •5.1.5. Subjunctive I and the suppositional mood represent an action as problematic but not as contradicting reality.
- •5.2.5. The tenses within the sentence need not be the same; the rules of the sequence of tenses are not observed with any of the oblique moods forms.
- •5.3. Aspect and voice distinctions.
- •5.4.2.3. To express advice (a) and preference (b) (subjunctive II in the set phrases had better and would rather):
- •5.4.3. The conditional mood is used in simple sentences
- •5.4.3.1. With implied condition:
- •5.5.1.2.2. It is necessary to point out that when the verb in the object clause is affirmative in English, it is negative in Russian and vice versa.
- •5.5.1.2.3. To express a hardly realizable wish the present tense of subjunctive II of a modal verb may be used in these object clauses.
- •5.5.1.3. Both tenses of subjunctive II are used in adverbial clauses of comparison. The tenses are used relatively.
- •5.5.1.3.1. The same rules hold good for predicative clauses introduced by as if and as though.
- •5.5.2. Subjunctive II and the conditional mood in complex sentences.
- •5.5.2.1. In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of unreal condition subjunctive II is used in the clause of condition and the conditional mood is used in the principal clause.
- •5.5.2.1.2. Three forms are used in clauses of condition with reference to the future (for details see 5.5.3.4.):
- •5.5.2.2. In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of concession the choice of the mood form depends on the conjunction which introduces the subordinate clause.
- •5.5.3.2.1. The same rules hold good for appositive (a) and predicative (b) clauses after nouns expressing order, suggestion, wish, agreement, etc.:
- •5.5.3.4. The suppositional mood is used in adverbial clauses of condition with reference to the future.
- •5.5.3.5. The suppositional mood and subjunctive I may be used in adverbial clauses of concession.
- •5.5.3.5.1. The suppositional mood is used with reference to the future.
- •5.5.3.5.2. Subjunctive I is used in clauses of concession introduced by though, although, whoever, etc.
- •5.5.3.5.3. The indicative mood of the modal verb may is often used in clauses of concession introduced by though, whoever, however, etc.
- •The Use of Moods in Simple Sentences and Independent Clauses
- •The Use of Moods in Complex Sentences Subjunctive II in Complex Sentences
- •Subjunctive II and the Conditional Mood in Complex Sentences
- •The Suppositional Mood and Subjunctive in Complex Sentences
- •Revision Exercises
- •6.3.6. Incredulity (in negative sentences)
- •Revision exercises on can and may
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Should, ought (to)
- •6.8. In most of their meanings these verbs are used interchangeably. They express the following:
- •6.8.1. Advice, obligation, desirability
- •6.8.4. Supposition bordering on assurance; something that can be naturally expected
- •6.8.5. Why should, how should are to be considered set phrases used for emotional colouring:
- •Exercises.
- •6.11. Need can be used as a modal or as a regular verb. It has the following meanings:
- •6.11.2. Necessity (in negative and interrogative sentences)
- •6.11.4. To be in want of is expressed by the regular need
- •Exercises
- •Revision exercises on modal verbs
- •Literature
- •I. Theoretical sourses
- •II.Fiction and periodicals
- •III. Dictionaries
- •Abbreviations
- •Сontents
- •Александрова т.А., Фенова е.А.
The gerund and the infinitive
Exercise 17. Translate into Russian paying attention to the use of gerunds and infinitives.
1. He wished to be left alone. 2. I can't go on working in this office. 3. Remember to tell him the news. 4. I remember closing the door. 5. We can't afford to waste money on trifles. 6. He won't hesitate to take draconian measures. 7. I always enjoy listening to your stories. 8. He will hardly condescend to come up to us. 9. I haven't given up looking for my ideal. 10. I set about finding a flat bit of ground on which to pitch my tent. (Phrasal verbs) 11. Mr. Dekker and his son set out to walk to Whitelake River. (Phrasal Verbs). 12. Do you feel like taking a walk? 13. She couldn't resist kissing the charming child. 14. He flatly denied having anything to do with the disappearance of the documents. 15. We arranged to meet next Friday. 16. He confessed to cheating on the exam. (Combinatory Dictionary). 17. I was afraid of hurting his feelings, so I said nothing. 18. The fence was very high, and the boys were afraid to climb over it. 19. He offered to drive us to the airport.
Exercise 18. Instructions as for 17.
1. He later went on to form a successful computer company. (Phrasal Verbs) 2. Air traffic is increasing and will go on doing so. (Phrasal Verbs) 3. I will never forget his playing the part of Othello. 4. I forgot to buy the newspaper. 5. Many species of animals will cease to exist in the near future. 6. Soon she ceased pretending not to notice us. 7. He seriously considers (=contemplates) resigning from his job. 8. Though it was late they continued to work. 9. They continued seeing each other in secret. 10. I hate to trouble you but I must ask this question. 11. She intensely hates gossiping. 12. The municipality proposes (=intends, plans) to widen this road. (R.A.Close) 13. He proposed going to the theatre that night, but she said she was tired. 14. I now regret saying what I said. (R.Murphy) 15. We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you this job. (R.Murphy) 16. I hate people quarrelling. 17. It started snowing at night. 18. She was sitting in a draught and soon she started to cough. 19. She can't bear to see them suffer. 20. He can't bear being criticised. 21. Mary likes people to be on time. (R.Murphy) 22.We prefer to remain at home. (Combinatory Dictionary)
Exercise 19. Translate into English using gerunds, infinitives or both.
1. Как только она встала, она принялась за уборку дома. (to set about) 2. Она продолжала попытки заставить его изменить свое решение. (to continue) 3. Она отказалась от попыток заставить его изменить свое решение. (to give up) 4. Мне очень не хочется разочаровывать вас, но вы не сдали этот экзамен. (to regret) 5. Он сожалел о том, что оставил ее одну. 6. Он продожал говорить, как будто ничего не случилось. (to keep on) 7. Сначала он работал учителем в школе, а затем начал работать клерком в банке. (to go on) 8. Она боится, как бы ее не укусила какая-нибудь собака. 9. Она боится сказать ему правду. 10. Тебе не хочется потанцевать? (to feel like) 11. Что ты намереваешься купить на эти деньги? (to propose) 12. Она никогда не забудет, как они катались на лошадях в тот чудесный летний день. 13. Не забудь позвонить ей вечером. 14. Вряд ли он снизойдет до того, чтобы навестить нас. (to condescend) 15. Почему ты притворился, что не понимаешь английского?
Exercise 20. Instructions as for 19.
1. Он серьезно подумывает о том, чтобы уволиться с работы. (to consider) 2. Терпеть не могу, когда мне мешают во время работы. (can't bear) 3. Вскоре он начал организовывать собственное дело. (to set out) 4. В таком состоянии она нуждается в присмотре. 5. Тебе нужно быть более внимательным. 6. Мы все просто наслаждались вашим пением. 7. Он начал потихоньку насвистывать. (to start) 8. Если критика справедлива, я не против того, чтобы меня критиковали. (to mind) 9. Она любила проводить свободное время в компании друзей. 10. Телефон продолжал звонить. (to go on) 11. Мы не могли не заметить ее растерянности. 12. Он предложил отвезти нас на станцию. (to offer) 13. Было жарко. Я предложил пойти на речку. 14. Мне сейчас не до шуток. (to feel like) 15. Постарайся избежать встречи с ними. 16. Я не могу позволить себе пропустить такую важную встречу. (to afford) 17. Ты пожалеешь о том, что выдала этот секрет. (to regret) 18. Я предпочитаю не вмешиваться в их дела. 19. Я бы предпочел, чтобы ты промолчал. 20. Ему стыдно признаться в своей вине. 21. Ему стыдно за то, что он солгал. 22. Терпеть не могу смотреть на то, как вы спорите по пустякам. (to hate) 23. Она очень не любит летать самолетом. (to hate)