- •Alexandrova t.A., Fenova e.A.
- •Verbals. Oblique Moods. Modal Verbs.
- •Рецензенты:
- •Предисловие
- •The Infinitive
- •The infinitive as a non-finite form of the verb.
- •The morphological characteristics of the infinitive.
- •1.2.1. Aspect and voice distinctions of the infinitive do not differ from those of the finite verb.
- •The particle "to" before the infinitive
- •1.3.1. The split infinitive
- •1.4.3. The infinitive is used as an object to verbs expressing:
- •1.4.4. The infinitive used as an attribute immediately follows its head-noun.
- •1.4.5. The infinitive can be used as an adverbial modifier.
- •1.4.5.1. An adverbial modifier of purpose:
- •1.4.5.2. An adverbial modifier of result or consequence:
- •1.4.5.3. An adverbial modifier of subsequent events:
- •Predicative constructions (complexes) with the infinitive
- •1.6.1. The Accusative with the Infinitive
- •1.6.2. The Nominative with the Infinitive
- •1.6.3. The Infinitive For-Phrase
- •Exercises
- •Without the anticipatory it
- •With the anticipatory it
- •Predicative Constructions (Complexes) with the Infinitive
- •Revision Exercises
- •Participle I
- •2.1. The morphological characteristics.
- •2.2. The temporal meaning of participle I.
- •2.3. The functions of participle I.
- •2.3.1. An attribute
- •The Accusative with participle I (complex object)
- •The nominative with participle I (complex subject)
- •The nominative absolute construction with participle I
- •The absolute construction with participle I introduced by "with". The absolute construction without participle I.
- •3.4. The functions of participle II.
- •3.4.1. An attribute
- •3.4.2. A predicative
- •3.5.6. The prepositional absolute construction.
- •Exercises
- •Predicative constructions (complexes) with participle II.
- •The Gerund
- •The morphological characteristics.
- •The temporal meaning of the gerund.
- •4.8. Some prepositional verbs and phrases used with the gerund.
- •Exercises
- •Gerundial complexes (constructions)
- •The gerund and the infinitive
- •The gerund, participle I, the verbal noun
- •Revision exercises on participle and gerund.
- •5.1.5. Subjunctive I and the suppositional mood represent an action as problematic but not as contradicting reality.
- •5.2.5. The tenses within the sentence need not be the same; the rules of the sequence of tenses are not observed with any of the oblique moods forms.
- •5.3. Aspect and voice distinctions.
- •5.4.2.3. To express advice (a) and preference (b) (subjunctive II in the set phrases had better and would rather):
- •5.4.3. The conditional mood is used in simple sentences
- •5.4.3.1. With implied condition:
- •5.5.1.2.2. It is necessary to point out that when the verb in the object clause is affirmative in English, it is negative in Russian and vice versa.
- •5.5.1.2.3. To express a hardly realizable wish the present tense of subjunctive II of a modal verb may be used in these object clauses.
- •5.5.1.3. Both tenses of subjunctive II are used in adverbial clauses of comparison. The tenses are used relatively.
- •5.5.1.3.1. The same rules hold good for predicative clauses introduced by as if and as though.
- •5.5.2. Subjunctive II and the conditional mood in complex sentences.
- •5.5.2.1. In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of unreal condition subjunctive II is used in the clause of condition and the conditional mood is used in the principal clause.
- •5.5.2.1.2. Three forms are used in clauses of condition with reference to the future (for details see 5.5.3.4.):
- •5.5.2.2. In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of concession the choice of the mood form depends on the conjunction which introduces the subordinate clause.
- •5.5.3.2.1. The same rules hold good for appositive (a) and predicative (b) clauses after nouns expressing order, suggestion, wish, agreement, etc.:
- •5.5.3.4. The suppositional mood is used in adverbial clauses of condition with reference to the future.
- •5.5.3.5. The suppositional mood and subjunctive I may be used in adverbial clauses of concession.
- •5.5.3.5.1. The suppositional mood is used with reference to the future.
- •5.5.3.5.2. Subjunctive I is used in clauses of concession introduced by though, although, whoever, etc.
- •5.5.3.5.3. The indicative mood of the modal verb may is often used in clauses of concession introduced by though, whoever, however, etc.
- •The Use of Moods in Simple Sentences and Independent Clauses
- •The Use of Moods in Complex Sentences Subjunctive II in Complex Sentences
- •Subjunctive II and the Conditional Mood in Complex Sentences
- •The Suppositional Mood and Subjunctive in Complex Sentences
- •Revision Exercises
- •6.3.6. Incredulity (in negative sentences)
- •Revision exercises on can and may
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Should, ought (to)
- •6.8. In most of their meanings these verbs are used interchangeably. They express the following:
- •6.8.1. Advice, obligation, desirability
- •6.8.4. Supposition bordering on assurance; something that can be naturally expected
- •6.8.5. Why should, how should are to be considered set phrases used for emotional colouring:
- •Exercises.
- •6.11. Need can be used as a modal or as a regular verb. It has the following meanings:
- •6.11.2. Necessity (in negative and interrogative sentences)
- •6.11.4. To be in want of is expressed by the regular need
- •Exercises
- •Revision exercises on modal verbs
- •Literature
- •I. Theoretical sourses
- •II.Fiction and periodicals
- •III. Dictionaries
- •Abbreviations
- •Сontents
- •Александрова т.А., Фенова е.А.
The Accusative with participle I (complex object)
Exercise 11. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the complex object.
1. When I returned downstairs, I discovered Mr.Cardinal moving rather restlessly around the drawing room. (K.I.) 2. Now, in these quiet moments as I wait for the world about to awake, I find myself going over in my mind again passages from Miss Kenton's letter. (K.I.) 3. They will find me floating here among the lilies. (S.L.) 4. She was clutching with one hand a light woolen wrap that left only the toes of her mules showing. (A.M.L.) 5. Before long Dr.Kiosk had them picking each other's pockets… (D.T.) 6. Nothing vexes me more these days than to hear this sort of thing being repeated. (K.I.) 7. Not only was the conversation flowing more freely and loudly, we found ourselves serving wine at a conspicuously increased rate. (K.I.) 8. Well, I am a pretty good mechanic, so I had a look at it and in half an hour I got it working. (S.W.) 9. They thought I didn't want to attract attention to myself and have the village constable asking questions. (S.M.) 10. … the driver was a poor mechanic and the engine was always breaking down. Once he couldn't get it going and he didn't seem to know what to do. (S.M.) 11. The furniture was old and battered, and you could actually see cobwebs hanging from the ceiling. (D.S.) 12. I find it terrible and rather awe-inspiring. (S.M.) 13. The new tone, reminding him of Archie, nearly had Duncan relaxing. (J.L.) 14. But the rest of what she said he found so amusing, it actually put him at ease again. (J.L.) 15. The artist noticed Arlette watching him. (S.Sh.) 16. He didn't abandon ship because he thought another fuel tank was about to explode and he didn't want his precious passengers splashing about in a sea of blazing fuel oil. (A.M.L.)
Exercise 12. Translate into Russian using complex objects with participle I.
1. Войдя в комнату, я увидела, как они что-то оживленно обсуждают. (to find) 2. Веселые шутки этих артистов то и дело вызывали смех зрителей. (to have) 3. Наконец-то ему удалось завести мотор. (to get) 4. Она подошла к окну и стала наблюдать, как солнце медленно восходит над горизонтом. 5. Неужели ты не слышишь, что кто-то стучится в дверь? 6. Почему он заставляет нас ждать так долго? 7. Было очень жарко, и мы увидели много людей, загорающих на берегу и купающихся в реке. 8. Я слышу, как они ссорятся, почти каждый день. 9. Она наблюдала за тем, как он внимательно перечитывал это странное письмо. 10. Эти несколько слов, сказанные ею мимоходом, заставили его задуматься. (to set) 11. Она внимательно слушала, как они обсуждают эту проблему. (to listen to) 12. Я ушла, когда мама готовила обед. (to leave) 13. Она почувствовала со страхом, что преступник приближается к ней. 14. Если ты не начнешь вести себя прилично, ты скоро доведешь ее до слез. (to have) 15. В саду мы застали его за поливкой цветов. (to find)
Exercise 13. Open the brackets using the infinitive, participle I or both in complex objects.
1. He could not bring himself (to look) through the article. 2. They stood for a while watching a man (to train) his puppy. 3. Though very tired she made herself (to get up and to continue) her work. 4. I can't imagine you (to be) a teacher. 5. He didn't want to leave her (to dance) with a stranger. 6. Most boys don't like girls (to smoke). 7. They watched the plane (to take off and to disappear) among the clouds. 8. We found them (to be) quite sociable people. 9. They expect everything (to turn out) well after all. 10. I saw him (to whisper) something into her ear. 11. We found her (to dress) for the party. 12. I won't have you (to behave) like that any more! 13. If you go on insisting on that you'll have them (to quarrel) with you. 14. The other day I caught him (to look through) my diary! 15. He ordered his things (to bring) downstairs. 16. Nobody saw him (to take) the money. 17. Would you like me (to tell) you what I've seen? 18. This rude remark made everybody (to feel) awkward. 19. He noticed someone (to follow) him slowly. 20. You must find some interesting topic to keep the conversation (to go). 21. She felt her cheeks (to blush) a little. 22. Soon I saw him (to vanish) round the corner.
Exercise 14. Translate into English using the accusative with the infinitive or with participle I. Use variants where possible.
1. Она видела, как он быстро прошел мимо ее окна. 2. Вы можете представить ее домохозяйкой? 3. Что заставило его переменить свое решение? 4. Мы застали их за игрой в теннис на корте. 5. Я не заметила, чтобы кто-либо выходил из дома. 6. Она быстро заставила нас прибираться в комнатах. (to have) 7. Никто не ожидал, что концерт пройдет так успешно. 8. Отец рассердится, если увидит, что я курю. (to catch) 9. После завтрака папа ушел на работу и оставил Джоунза играющим с ребенком. 10. Мы должны заставить его сознаться во всем. 11. Вчера я впервые услышала, как она упомянула это имя. 12. Он ушел, когда я все еще дрожал от негодования. 13. Можно я буду наблюдать, как вы делаете эту операцию? 14. Он не хочет, чтобы кто-либо снова затрагивал эту тему. 15. Разве ты не слышал, что я задала тебе вопрос? 16. Мы слышали, как чьи-то шаги быстро приближаются к нам. 17. Я не хочу, чтобы ты вспоминала прошлое.