- •Part 1. Farm animals
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text. Classes Of animals
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 2. Domestic Animals Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text. Domestic Animals
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Give the plural of the following words:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Form the verbs from the following words and translate them:
- •Word List в
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The sheep
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The sheep (Continued)
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The poultry
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate info Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 1. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The anatomy of the domestic animals
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following sentences.
- •3. Find synonyms for the words:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Lesson 2. Parts of the Animals Body Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Parts of the animal body
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Find antonyms for the worlds:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 3. The Blood Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The blood
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 4. The Heart Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The Heart.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following sentences:
- •3. Find synonyms for the words:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Lesson 5. The Cow’s Stomach Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The cow’s stomach
- •2. Translate the following questions into English and answer them:
- •3. Give a) synonyms and b) antonyms to the following words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Pay attention to the words with the same roots and their meanings:
- •6. Give the English equivalents for:
- •Lesson 6. The Cow’s Stomach Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The cow's stomach (Continued)
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Complete the following sentences:
- •3. Give antonyms to the following words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 7. Digestion in the Stomach of the Horse and Pig Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Digestion in the stomach of the horse and pig
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words given below:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Give the English equivalents for:
- •Lesson 8. The Liver Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The liver
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •Word List b
- •2. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Pay attention to the words with the same roots and their meanings:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 9. Bile Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Bile
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Ask general questions:
- •4. Add the suffix -ish to the following adjectives and translate the new words according to the pattern:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 10. The Thyroid Gland Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The thyroid gland
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Point out the nouns with the suffixes -tion, -ment, -ness and adjectives with the suffix -at from the text.
- •4. Form Participle I of the following verbs and translate them:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Part 3. Cells and Tissues Lesson 1. The Living Cells Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The LiVing cEllS
- •2. Translate the following words with the suffixes multi-, inter-, intra-.
- •Lesson 2. Tissues Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Tissues
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the Russian sentences.
- •4. Write down the summary of the text, using the following questions
- •Lesson 3. Bacteria Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Bacteria
- •6. Translate into English
- •Lesson 4. Diagnostics Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Сhemical Examination of Animals and Diagnostic Tests
- •2. Memorize the pronunciation the following words, translate them
- •3. Translate the following sentences
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents of the following Russian word combinations
- •5. Answer the following questions
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Symptoms of Some Diseases
- •2. Answer the questions
- •3. Translate the following sentences with the construction “it is … that”
- •4. Translate the text, using the dictionary Koch’s Rules
1. Read and translate the text. Digestion in the stomach of the horse and pig
With such animals as the horse and pig, which have simple stomachs, the food passes directly from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach. Here it remains in a more or less compact mass in the first part of the stomach for a time.
The glands in the walls of the middle and rear parts of the stomach secrete the digestive fluid called gastric juice. This contains the enzyme pepsin and may also contain rennin, a second enzyme. In addition, it has from less than 0.1 per cent up to about 0.5 per cent of hydrochloric acid, depending on the species of animal.
The gastric juice can penetrate the mass of food in the first part of the stomach only slowly. Therefore, in the case of the pig and other animals whose saliva contains ptyalin, the digestion of starch continues in this part of the stomach for a time. When the gastric juice makes its way into the mass of food, the action of the ptyalin is stopped, due to the acidity. The action of the pepsin of the gastric juice now proceeds.
As the gastric juice penetrates the mass of food, it slowly softens, digests, and liquefies the outside portions. Contractions of the stomach walls start at the middle portion and pass in waves, following one another, toward the rear end. These squeeze off some of the softened parts of the mass, thoroughly mix it with the gastric juice and carry it toward the rear.
ПИЩЕВАРЕНИЕ В ЖЕЛУДКЕ ЛОШАДИ И СВИНЬИ
С такими животными как лошадь и свинья, которые имеют простые желудки, пища проходит непосредственно из рта через пищевод в желудок. Здесь остается в более или менее компактной массе в первой части желудка в течение времени.
Железы на стенах средней и задней частей желудка выделяют пищеварительную жидкость назвавшую желудочный сок. Это содержит пепсин энзима и может также содержать сычужину, энзим секунды. Кроме того, это имеет из менее чем 0.1 процента около 0.5 процентов hydrochloric кислоты, в зависимости от вида животного.
Желудочный сок может проникнуть в массу пищи в первой части желудка только медленно. Следовательно, в случае свиньи и других животных чья слюна содержит ptyalin, пищеварение крахмала остается в этой части желудка в течение времени. Когда желудочный сок делает своим путем в массу пищи, действие ptyalin остановлено, из-за кислотности. Действие пепсина желудочного сока теперь приступает.
Так как желудочный сок проникает в массу пищи, он медленно смягчает, усваивает, и сжижает части внешний. Сжатия желудочных стен запускаются в средней части и проходе в волнах, следующих за друг другу, по отношению к заднему концу. Эти сжимают некоторые смягченные части массы, тщательно смешивают это с желудочным соком и несут это по отношению к задняя стороне.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What stomachs have the horse and the pig? 2. In what part of the stomach is the gastric juice secreted? 3. How does the gastric juice penetrate the mass of food in the first part of the stomach? 4. What does the percentage of hydrochloric acid depend on? 5. What enzyme does the saliva of the pig contain? 6. Due to what is the action of the ptyalin stopped? 7. Where do contractions of the stomach walls start? 8. In what direction are the softened parts of the mass of food carried?