- •Part 1. Farm animals
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text. Classes Of animals
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 2. Domestic Animals Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text. Domestic Animals
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Give the plural of the following words:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Form the verbs from the following words and translate them:
- •Word List в
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The sheep
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The sheep (Continued)
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The poultry
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate info Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 1. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The anatomy of the domestic animals
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following sentences.
- •3. Find synonyms for the words:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Lesson 2. Parts of the Animals Body Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Parts of the animal body
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Find antonyms for the worlds:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 3. The Blood Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The blood
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 4. The Heart Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The Heart.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following sentences:
- •3. Find synonyms for the words:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Lesson 5. The Cow’s Stomach Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The cow’s stomach
- •2. Translate the following questions into English and answer them:
- •3. Give a) synonyms and b) antonyms to the following words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Pay attention to the words with the same roots and their meanings:
- •6. Give the English equivalents for:
- •Lesson 6. The Cow’s Stomach Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The cow's stomach (Continued)
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Complete the following sentences:
- •3. Give antonyms to the following words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 7. Digestion in the Stomach of the Horse and Pig Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Digestion in the stomach of the horse and pig
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words given below:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Give the English equivalents for:
- •Lesson 8. The Liver Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The liver
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •Word List b
- •2. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Pay attention to the words with the same roots and their meanings:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 9. Bile Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Bile
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Ask general questions:
- •4. Add the suffix -ish to the following adjectives and translate the new words according to the pattern:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 10. The Thyroid Gland Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The thyroid gland
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Point out the nouns with the suffixes -tion, -ment, -ness and adjectives with the suffix -at from the text.
- •4. Form Participle I of the following verbs and translate them:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Part 3. Cells and Tissues Lesson 1. The Living Cells Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The LiVing cEllS
- •2. Translate the following words with the suffixes multi-, inter-, intra-.
- •Lesson 2. Tissues Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Tissues
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the Russian sentences.
- •4. Write down the summary of the text, using the following questions
- •Lesson 3. Bacteria Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Bacteria
- •6. Translate into English
- •Lesson 4. Diagnostics Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Сhemical Examination of Animals and Diagnostic Tests
- •2. Memorize the pronunciation the following words, translate them
- •3. Translate the following sentences
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents of the following Russian word combinations
- •5. Answer the following questions
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Symptoms of Some Diseases
- •2. Answer the questions
- •3. Translate the following sentences with the construction “it is … that”
- •4. Translate the text, using the dictionary Koch’s Rules
2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following sentences:
грудная полость; средний вес; органы циркуляции; перикардиальная жидкость; двойная сумка; мощные мышцы; сильные сокращения; замкнутые трубки; кровеносные сосуды; сосудистая система; чистая кровь; правая передняя часть; основание сердца.
3. Find synonyms for the words:
A: ending far, strong, large, to unite, pure, greater, anterior.
В: weak, small, begining, impure closely, to separate, posterior, lesser.
4. Answer the following questions:
1. How many cavities are there inside the body? 2. Is the abdomen located in the anterior cavity? 3. What is the central organ of the cardio-vascular system? 4. In what cavity is the heart situated? 5. What internal organ causes the blood to circulate? 6. How does the heart act? 7. Do the right and left portions of the heart communicate with each other?
Lesson 5. The Cow’s Stomach Word List а
|
- кардиа (вход пищевода в желудок) |
cardiac |
- сердечный, средство, возбуждающее сердечную деятельность |
|
- желобок, выемка |
esophageal groove |
- пищеводный желоб |
food groove |
- пищевой желоб |
left ruminal groove |
- левый продольный желоб рубца |
right ruminal groove |
- правый продольный желоб рубца |
medullary groove |
- нервный желоб |
neural groove |
- нервный желоб |
|
- движение |
rotary motion |
- вращательное движение |
verticular motion |
- червеобразное движение, перистальтика |
|
- тяжи, борозды |
|
- сосок, бугорок |
|
- мешок, сумка |
dorsal sac |
- дорсальный мешок (рубца) |
ventral sac |
- вентральный мешок (рубца) |
posterior sac |
- задний мешок |
|
- горло, гортань |
|
- всасывать, поглощать |
absorption |
- всасывание |
absorptive |
- всасывающий |
|
- развивать |
developed |
- развитый |
developing |
- развивающийся |
development |
- развитие, эволюция |
|
- выстраивать в ряд; выстилать (внутренние органы) |
lining |
- выстилка, оболочка |
1. Read and translate the text. The cow’s stomach
The cow’s stomach has four main parts: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. At birth, the omasum and reticulum are least developed.
Rumen
The rumen is located in the left side of the abdominal cavity. It increases rapidly in size as the calf grows and begins to eat forage. The rumen wall contains muscle fibres that aid in the rotary motion of food in the stomach. Muscular pillars divide the rumen into dorsal, ventral and two posterior sacs. Much of the inner wall of the rumen is lined with numerous large papillae, giving the organ great absorptive area.
The esophagus starts at the mouth, passes down the throat, through the chest cavity and diaphragm, and enters the rumen at the cardia, high on its anterior wall. The esophageal groove begins at the end of the esophagus in the rumen, and continues as part of the rumen wall, somewhat downward along the reticulum wall, to the omasum. Coarse feeds, grain, most of the water, and saliva pass into the rumen.
(to be continued)
КОРОВИЙ ЖЕЛУДОК
Коровий желудок имеет четыре основных части: рубец, reticulum, omasum, и сычуг. В рождении, omasum и reticulum наименее разработан.
Рубец
Рубец расположен на левой стороне брюшной полости. Это увеличивает быстро по величине как теленок выращивает и начинает есть фураж. Стена рубца содержит волокна мускула, которые помогают в ротационном движении пищи в желудке. Мускульные колонны делят рубец в спинной, брюшной и два последующих мешочка. Большинство внутренней стены рубца выровнено многочисленными большими папиллами, дающими большую поглощающую область органа.
Пищевод начинается в рте, передает вниз горло, через грудную полость и диафрагму и вводит рубец в cardia, высоко на свою предыдущую стену. Бороздка esophageal начинается в конце пищевода в рубце и продолжает как часть стены рубца, отчасти вниз вдоль стены reticulum, в omasum. Грубые подачи, зерно, наиболее воды, и слюна проходят в рубец.
(чтобы быть продолжен)