Министерство высшего и среднего специального образования ссср

Московское ордена Ленина, ордена Октябрьской Революции и ордена Трудового Красного знамени высшее техническое училище им. Н.Э. Баумана

ЗАХАРОВА Г.Ф.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАИЯ

ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «ПРОКАТКА»

на английском языке

Под редакцией Степановой Л.М.

Рецензент: к.т.н., доц. Молчанов А.П.

Москва 1982

Lesson 1.

Preliminary Exercises

I. Переведите следующие предложения, поясняя, что подразумевается под местоимением “these”.

Slabbing mills are designed to roll slabs. Слябинги предназначены для прокатки слябов. These (slabs) are employed for the manufacture of sheets and strips. – Они используются для производства листов и полос.

1. The rolling processes consist of passing the material between two rolls.

These revolve at the same speed but in opposite directions.

2. Cold rolling makes it possible to produce sheets.

These are widely used in mechanical engineering.

II. Переведите предложения с “up to” – до.

1. Blooming and slabbing mills are heavy primary mills with rolls up to 1.400 mm in diameter.

2. The capacity of reheating furnaces of continuous mills is up to 250 tons/hour each.

3. Strip material up to 0.28 in thick can be rolled on continuous mills.

III. a) Переведите следующие слова как глаголы и как существительные:

use, manufacture, form, date, progress, advance, place, design, control, study, subject.

b) Образуйте глаголы, соответствующие следующим существительным:

fabrication, investigation, consideration, foundation, deformation, construction, lubrication, operation, publication, performance, understanding, rolling, behavior, measurement.

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции Participle II.

1. The real and important progress made during the twentieth century was in solving many problems associated wiyh the employment of a number of mills at the same time.

2. When introduced rolling mills made possible the production of millions of tons of rolled metal.

3. The polished surface created by he rolling action is characterized by a smooth metallic appearance.

4. The roll surface developed is sometimes covered with an oxide layer.

5. In the case considered speeds of rolling are very slow.

6. The energy needed to deform the metal has to be provided during rolling operations.

Text a.

Historical background

Rolled metal, both ferrous and non-ferrous, and products manufactured from it, are in universal use and in no branch of metal fabrication has greater progress beer made than in the manufacture of sheets and strip. The beginnings of the production of metal in this form by rolling, date back to¹ the small hand-driven rolling mills towards the end of the sixteenth century. As in other branches of technology which form the foundation of modern industry, progress was slow, but during the eighteenth century, water-driven rolling mills were generally replacing hand-driven rolling mills for making sheets. Water power, in turn, gave way to stream² but, even at the beginning of this century, metal rolling mills were simple and imperfect both in construction and operation. Since then the great advances that have taken place in rolling-mill design and rolling practice have made possible the production, annually, of millions of tons of rolled metal to high standards of finish and accuracy. Now it may be done by efficient manufacturing techniques on mills with great power and precision in performance and of elegant design.

During the first twenty years of the present century, however, a number of mills were erected on which strip material up to 24 in wide could be rolled; these can be divided into two broad groups. First, open continuous mills on which the material was never in more than one stand at the same time; and second, close continuous mills where the distance between the centers of each mill was so short that at the same time the thickness was reduced either on all or on some of the stands comprising the continuous rolling unit.

The progress which has been so marked in the last three decades results from the fuller understanding of all that is involved in metal rolling both with regard to the equipment employed and the behavior of the metal when subjected to this form of deformation. This understanding, in turn, has resulted from the many investigations carried out in recent years. These have included studies of roll deformation, lubrication, friction effects, front and back tension, gauge control and measurement, and many other considerations.

These investigations are recorded in the journals of several scientific and technical societies as well as in many other publications.

Notes: 1) date back to … - зд. относится к появлению …

2) gave way to stream – уступила место пару

Terms to be remembered:

advance – успех

close continuous mills – непрерывный полосовой стан

affect – действие, влияние

ferrous metals – черные металлы

gauge – размер, толщина, калибр

to involve – включать (в себя)

lubrication – смазка

non-ferrous metals – цветные металлы

open-continuous mill – непрерывный полосовой стан открытого типа

to result from – происходить в результате (чего-либо)

sheet – лист, листовой металл

strip – полоса

standard – уровень (стандартный уровень)

tension – напряжение

at the same time – в то же самое время

in turn – в свою очередь

Exercises

V. Переведите и запомните слова:

annually; to comprise; fabrication; measurement; manufacture; generally; operation; techniques; precision; reduce; decade; to subject; to include; friction; erect.

VI. a) Просмотрите текст, обращая внимание на подчеркнутые строевые слова. b) Составьте предложения, используя эти слова.

VII. Найдите в тексте все предложения с Participle II и еще раз их переведите, определяя функции Participle II.

VIII. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What does this text deal with?

2. What kind of rolling mills were used at the beginning of sheet and strip manufacture by rolling?

3. When did small hand-driven rolling mills appear?

4. Why were water-driven rolling mills replacing hand-driven rolling mills?

5. For what purpose were open continuous mills and close continuous mills designed?

6. What is characteristic of open continuous mills?

7. Where is the material reduced on close continuous mills?

8. Why is the progress in rolling so marked?

IX. Перескажите текст.

X. a) Просмотрите текст (время – 3 мин). Какую информацию вы извлекли? (время – 3 мин)

b) Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря (время – 7 мин)