2. Make verbs from these words.

regulation …………………………………………………………

procreation ……………………………………………………….

rearing of children ……………………………………………….

socialization ………………………………………………………

caring for its members ………………………………………….

security …………………………………………………………...

occupational ……………………………………………………..

dissolution of extended families ……………………………….

exclusive ………………………………………………………….

activity …………………………………………………………….

marriage ………………………………………………………….

earning of wages ………………………………………………..

relationship ………………………………………………..........

divorce ……………………………………………………………

increase …………………………………………………............

producing ………………………………………………….........

consuming ……………………………………………………….

advancement ……………………………………………..........

8 Give words and phrases from the passage similar in meaning to these.

fellowship ……………………………………….........................

reproduction ……………………………………..........................

control over something, especially by rules……………………………….............................................. looking after a person or animal until they are fully grown…………………………...................................................

the process by which people, especially children, are made to behave in a way that is acceptable in their society ……………………………………………………………………….

something that you need to have in order to live ……………………………………...............................................

ruled or controlled only by men ………………………………………………………......................

Getting professional

1. With a partner, talk about the pictures below.

a)

b)

2. Read the passage below about other kinds of modern families. Then look at the pictures that follow and say what kinds of non-traditional families they might be.

Since the 1960s, several variations on the family unit have emerged. More unmarried couples are living together, before or instead of marrying. Some elderly couples, most often widowed, are finding it more economically practical to cohabit without marrying. Homosexual couples also live together as a family more openly today, sometimes sharing their households with the children of one partner or with adopted or foster children. Communal families, made up of groups of related or unrelated people, have long existed in isolated instances. Such units began to occur in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s as an alternative life-style, but by the 1980s the number of communal families was diminishing.

a) b)

c)

d)

3. Fill in the gaps with only one word appropriate in the given context.

What Is a Family?

Belonging to a family is one bond almost everyone in the world shares and tries to follow the ........... he has been living in.

There are different .............. of families. Most families are traditional, comprising a father, mother and one or more .................... But some of them are headed by one ....................., usually a woman. In a few families, there are no children. These childless .................. may believe that they would not make good parents; they may want freedom from responsibilities of child ..................., or, perhaps, they are not physically able to .................children. Other families have one parent who is a stepparent. A stepmother or a stepfather is a person who joins a family by ......................a mother or a father.

In general, people tolerate and accept these different types of families. People have the right to ................and to choose what type of family group to belong to. They usually respect each other’s choices regarding family groups.

It is well known that families give us a sense of ......................... and a sense of tradition. Families give us strength and purpose. Our families show us who we are. As one American expert who studies families says, “The things we need most deeply in our lives – love, communication, respect and good .................... – have their belongings in the family.”

Families serve many functions. They provide a setting in which children can be ............... and reared. Families teach their children values – what they think is important. They teach their children daily skills, such as how to ride a bicycle or to make some tea. They also teach them common practices and ....................., such as respect for ....................... and celebrating holidays. Some families provide each member a place to earn money. However, most people earn money .............. the home. The most important job for a family is to give emotional support and ..................... Members of strong families show each other affection and appreciation. They are committed to one another. A family is a sacred place for a human-being. Home, ................home!