Unit 3 economy of great britain

Task 1. Read the text and write out unknown words

Industry and agriculture of the u.K.

In the past English industrial prosperity had a few important products, such as textiles; coal and heavy machinery. Now the U.K. has a great variety of industries, for example heavy and light industry, chemical, aircraft, electrical, automobile and many other industries. The United Kingdom is considered one of the world's major manufacturing nations. Now high technology industries are more developed than heavy engineering. Heavy engineering and other traditional indust­ries have experienced a certain decline.

Certain areas are traditionally noted for various types of industries. For instance, Newcastle is famous for coal industry, the county of Lancashire for its textile industry. The Midlands, or the central counties of England, are famous for the production of machinery, coal, motor cars and chemicals. In recent times regional industrial distinctions have become less clear as more and more new factories are built in the different parts of the country.

Speaking about the cities of the United Kingdom the first mention should be made of London, the capital of the U.K. It is a big port on the River Thames, a major commercial, industrial centre.

Leeds is a centre of clothing industry producing woolen articles. Glasgow is a major port on the River Clyde where shipbuilding industry is developed. Liverpool on the River Mersey is a flour milling and engineering centre. Birmingham is an iron and steel centre. Manchester is famous for textiles manufacturing.

Three-quarters of the United Kingdom's land is dedicated to agriculture. About two per cent of the population of the United Kingdom are engaged in agriculture, but the yields of English farms and pastures are very high. Wheat, barley, oats and potatoes are the most important crops grown. Sheep, cattle and pigs are the most numerous types of livestock. Sheep is a source of both wool for textile industry and mutton for food industry. Mutton is the best liked English meat.

Task 2. Write down the English equivalents

текстильна промисловість

легка промисловість

вугільна промисловість

швейна промисловість

хімічна промисловість тяжке машинобудівництво

электротехнічна промисловість аерокосмічна промисловість

авіаційна промисловість

велика різноманітність

Task 3. Make a few sentences with the following words

in the past the capital of in recent times a city at present a county

at the present time a river for instance the (River) Thames for example The North Sea

Task 4. Find the answers to the following questions in the text

1. What industries were developed in England in the past?

2. What industries are developed in the U.K. at present?

3. Are high technology industries now developed more than heavy engineering?

4. What coal industry centre is mentioned in the text?

5. What is a famous textile centre in the U.K.?

6. What are the Midlands famous for?

7. How are the following cities: London, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool, Birmingham, Manchester, characterized?

8. What part of the population is engaged in agriculture?

9. What are most important crops grown in Britain?

10. What is the livestock in Britain?

Task 5. Match the geographical names and industries

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Liverpool Manchester Birmingham Glasgow Leeds Newcastle the county of Lancashire the Midlands

coal industry textile industry production of machinery and cars clothing industry shipbuilding industry flour milling iron and steel production textile manufacturing

Task 6. Translate into English

1. Зараз у Англії розвинуті різноманітні галузі промисловості.

2. Англія вважається однією з основних промислово розвинутих країн. 3. Деякі райони країни традиційно славляться той чи іншою галуззю промисловості.

5. Все більше і більше нових підприємств з'являються у різних частинах країни.

6. продукція тяжкого машинобудівництва

7. автомобільна промисловість

8. промисловість високих технологій

Task 7. Complete the sentences with the following words

food, meat, textile, crops, types, source, dedicated, engaged

1. Three-quarters of the United Kingdom's land is ...................................... to agriculturе.

2. About two per cent of the population are........................................... in agriculture, but the...................................... of English farms and pastures are very high.

3. Wheat, barley, oats and potatoes are the most important.................................... grown.

4. Sheep, cattle and pigs are the most numerous................................................

5. Sheep is a......................................... of both wool for........................................ industry and mutton for.................................................. industry.

6. Mutton is the best liked English.................................................

Task 8. Make pairs as in the example and translate the second word

product — products

country area note

county type centre

city

factory

nation port decline

variety river ship

Task 9. Say a few words about our country's industries, cities and agriculture

UNIT 4

THE USA

Task 1. Read the text and write out unknown words

THE USA IN BRIEF

T he United States of America is one of the biggest countries in the world. It occupies most of the North America mainland. The U.S. is washed by the Pacific ocean in the west, by the Atlantic ocean in the east. In the north the States have a common border with Canada, in the south it borders on Mexico.

It consists of fifty states and the District of Columbia.

The states differ very much in size, climate, landscape, geographical position and way of living. Also, it has many kinds of land-rocky coasts, dry empty deserts, powerful rivers, wide plains and grass-lands, lakes of all sizes, high mountains, great forests, sunny beaches, and lands of endless winter.

Many rivers cross the United States. Among them the Colorado, the Missouri, but the greatest is the Mississippi. There are many big cities and towns in the USA: New York, San Francisco, Washington (the capital of the United States), Chicago, Los Angeles.

The population of the US is about 250 million people.

The people of the United States are a mixture of many different nationalities. In one city you can find people whose parents, grandparents or great-grandparents came from China, Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, and every European country. These different people brought to their new land a wonderful mixture of customs and traditions. The Germans brought Christmas trees. The Irish brought St. Patrick's Day celebrations. The Scots brought Halloween.

Here is the list of 50 states of America and their capitals:

State	Capital
Alabama	Montgomery
Alaska	Juneau
Arizona	Phoenix
Arkansas	Little Rock
California	Sacramento
Colorado	Denver
Connecticut	Hartford
Delaware	Dover
Florida	Tallahassee
Georgia	Atlanta
Hawaii	Honolulu
Idaho	Boise
Illinois	Springfield
Indiana	Indianapolis
Iowa	Des Moines
Kansas	Topeka
Kentucky	Frankfort
Louisiana	Baton Rouge
Maine	Augusta
Maryland	Annapolis
Massachusetts	Boston
Michigan	Lansing
Minnesota	St. Paul
Mississippi	Jackson
Missouri	Jefferson City
Montana	Helena
Nebraska	Lincoln
Nevada	Carson City
New Hampshire	Concord
New Jersy	Trenton
New Mexico	Santa Fe
New York	Albany
North Carolina	Raleigh
North Dacota	Bismarck
Ohio	Columbus
Oklahoma	Oklahoma City
Oregon	Salem
Pennsylvania	Harrisburg
Rhode Island	Providence
South Carolina	Columbia
South Dakota	Pierre
Tenessee	Nashville
Texas	Austin
Utah	Salt Lake City
Vermount	Montpelier
Virginia	Richmond
Washington	Olympia
West Virginia	Charleston
Wisconsin	Madison
Wyoming	Cheyenne

Task 2. Suggest the Ukrainian for the following words and word combinations from the text

найбільша країна

займати

омиватися

океан

спільний кордон

межувати з

складатися

відрізнятися

сухі пустелі

широкі рівнини

озера усіх розмірів

великі ліси

сонячні пляжі

безкінечна зима

перетинати

різні національності

звичаї та традиції

святкування

Task 3. Complete the table and write down the names of the states and their capitals

State	Capital
New York Alaska California Hawai Texas Washington ................................. ................................. ....................................................................................................................................	.............................. .............................. .............................. .............................. .............................. .............................. Boston Helena Albany Bismarck Columbus Salem

Task 4. Insert the correct prepositions

1. The United Kingdom........................... Great Britain and Northern Ireland

2. The United Stated ....................................... America

3. The UK is made up ............................ England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ire­land.

4. The UK consists ............................... about 70 counties.

5. The USA consists ................................... 50 states.

6. The District of Columbia is governed ....................................... Congress.

7. It is located ......................................... the north of the States.

8. The USA borders .................................... Mexico.

9. The first mention should be made ...................................... this centre.

Task 5. Find the answers to the following questions in the text

1. What are the shorter names for the United States of America?

2 . On what two countries does it border?

3. How big is the country?

4. What are its main rivers and lakes?

5. How many states does it consist of?

6. What states are familiar to you?

7. What state capitals are familiar to you?

8. What rivers are familiar to you?

9. Who are people of the USA?

10. What is population of the USA?

Task 6. Complete the table and write down the names of the states and their capitals

State Capital	Capital State
New York...................................................... Alaska............................................................ California...................................................... Hawai............................................................. Texas.............................................................. Washington....................................................	Boston........................................................... Helena........................................................... Albany.......................................................... Bismarck....................................................... Columbus...................................................... Salem............................................................

Task 7. Complete the sentences

1. The capital of the USA is

2. The state of Washington

3. The District of Columbia

Task 8. Write down the questions for these answers

1.

—Its area is 9.363,123 square kilometres.

2.

—The main rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Snake, the Platte, the Hudson.

3.

— The USA is a federal republic con­sisting of fifty states and the District of Columbia.

Task 9. Translate the sentences

1. The U.S. is washed by the Pacific ocean in the west, by the Atlantic ocean in the east.

2. The people of the United States are a mixture of many different nationalities.

3. The states differ very much in size, climate, landscape, geographical position and way of living.

4. It consists of fifty states and the District of Columbia.

5. These different people brought to their new land a wonderful mixture of customs and traditions.

Task 10. Find the verbs in the grid. Words can go horizontally, vertically and diagonally,in all directions.

L	E	T	R	A	V	E	L	L	U	M
K	S	K	R	X	N	T	M	N	G	Z
O	L	T	I	E	T	M	D	W	H	K
O	L	A	U	L	A	E	M	R	E	N
C	I	K	T	D	R	D	W	I	V	I
B	S	M	R	S	Y	A	Y	T	O	R
G	T	A	T	N	L	V	C	E	L	D
V	E	A	A	K	D	R	E	A	M	S
H	N	E	Y	L	E	A	R	N	L	W
D	L	A	J	P	E	E	L	S	K	I
C	S	J	R	N	T	A	E	M	T	M

clean	hear	read	talk
cook	learn	say	travel
dream	like	sleep	understand
drink	listen	study	walk
eat	love	swim	write