Verb noun

c ommit •	• guilty
found •	• penalties
impose •	• rules
require •	• tasks
deter •	• a crime
obey •	• prison
perform •	• variety
refer to •	• sanctions
stem from •	• sentence
send to •	• behaviour

Task 1.11. In each of the following sets of four, find one word or expression that is the odd one out: different from the others. Circle it. The first one is given as an example:

punishment

s anction

accusation

penalty

Accusation is the odd one out: the other three refer to the sentencing process.

1	torture	branding	whipping	fine
2	harsh	severe	humane	gruesome
3	torment	crucifixion	hanging	starvation
4	community sentences	discretion	alternative sanctions	imprisonment
5	punish	sentence	discipline	acquit
6	restitution	fines	house arrest	electronic surveillance
7	prison	jail	community-based treatment facility	death penalty
8	imprisonment	freedom	incarceration	confinement
9	privacy	community	public	society
10	request	require	need	order
11	deter	restrain	prohibit	allow

Task 1.12. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the definition of punishment?

2. What language does the word punishment come from?

3. What is the sentencing process?

4. What were the purposes of punishment in an earlier time?

5. What types of corporal punishment do you know? Are they still in use nowadays?

6. What are the modern requirements to criminal penalties?

7. What are the most important and common forms of criminal punishment?

8. What kind of tasks may a criminal perform being under the supervision in the community? Name this form of punishment.

9. What range of punishments do alternative sanctions include?

10. What does imprisonment mean?

11. What are the methods of capital punishment?

12. Why is punishing criminal offenders one of the most complex issues of criminal justice system?

13. What does the controversy over punishment involve?

Task 1.13. Complete the sentences:

1. In modern criminal law, punishment is a penalty… .

2. Sen­tencing process is the procedure in which ... .

3. Historically, a full range of punishments included … .

4. The types of corporal punishment are ...

5. Criminal penalties should be proportionate to the seriousness of …

6. In modern society, the most important and common forms of criminal punishment are … .

7. Community sentences mean ... .

8. Alternative sanctions include fines, ... .

9. Imprisonment means a period of confinement... .

10. The death penalty is … .

11. The complexity of punishing criminal offenders stems from the wide … .

12. The controversy over punishment involves … .

Task 1.14. Complete the text by translating the following words and expressions from the box into English; (!) don`t forget to use them in the proper form:

• конфіскація землі або майна • покарання • підпал • штрафні санкції • злочинці • смертна кара • суворо карались • свобода • жорстоке тілесне покарання • злодій • напад • злочинна поведінка • власний розсуд • власність •