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2. Answer the questions.

1. What sources of energy do scientists look for nowadays?

2. What role does Sun play for the Earth?

3. Why one shouldn’t look at the Sun directly?

4. What is the size of the Sun?

Практичне заняття № 4

Тема: Херсон. Історія та сучасність.

I. Робота над текстом за темою заняття.

The history of Kherson

1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

On June, 18, 1778 Catherine II signed a decree on the foundation of the fortress and shipyard. On October 19, 1778 fort, shipyard and the city called Kherson were laid. There are two suggestions concerning the name. The first one is connected with the Greek language. “Beach” in Greek is “Kherson” The second viewpoint is connected with the name of the fortress "Chersonesus " in the Crimea , which is also the peninsula.

In 1737 on the right coast of Dnipro-Slavutych there was constructed Russian field fortification Oleksandr-Shants which became the predecessor of present Kherson. It became not only a fortress of Northern Black Sea Coast, but also a cradle of the Black Sea fleet, the economic and political centre, southern capital of the big empire.

The history of establishment of Kherson is connected with outstanding historical figures. Prince Hryhory Potyomkin - governor general of Novorosiya and a a favorite of Empress Catherine II is the city founder. According to his will he was buried in Katherine Cathedral in Kherson. Fortress and city construction was put on general master to I.A. Hannibal, and later this mission was carried out by colonel general M.I. Korsakov. The future outstanding naval commander, admiral F.F. Ushakov took part in building of the ships. Outstanding military figure, the generalissimo O.V. Suvorov supervised strengthening of the Kherson fortress and intrigues to the city. Under his influence there was formed commander talent of M.I. Kutuzov and the future admiral, one of the founders of Odessa, Spaniard O.M. Derybas. In Kherson the English humanist, philanthropist, public figure, sheriff of a county Bedford in the Great Britain John Howard was also buried; fulfilling humanistic mission he studied in Kherson a condition of hospitals and hospitals for poor, prisoners in prisons and helped with typhus epidemic control.

In the city there are constructed monuments to H.O. Potyomkin, O.V. Suvorov, F.F. Ushakov, John Howard and many other outstanding people. Streets and squares are named after their names.

Many citizens of Kherson are known in the world. Among our fellow countrymen the following names should be mentioned: N. Durova, the glorified heroine of Patriotic War of 1812, writers: A.A. Fet, M. Kulish, B. Lavrenyov; outstanding historian E.V. Tarle, Soviet film director S. Bondarchuk, the film director, the national actor of the USSR E. Matveev, the Ukrainian actor and director H. Deliev and some others.

Kherson people are known in the sports and political world. L. Latynina - the first Olympic champion on art gymnastics; M. Startsev - the goalkeeper of national football team; S. Vsevolodov - the world champion, honored coach of Ukraine; Moshe Sharet - the second prime minister of Israel; Serhiy Stanishev - the present prime minister of Bulgaria.